International Journal of Building, Urban, Interior and Landscape Technology

Risk Assessment and Comparison for Historic Sites

Putpunnin Khamwachirapithak — 2026-10-05

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya City Municipality is the location of the Historic City of Ayutthaya, registered as a World Heritage Site, due to an abundance of archaeological sites. However, rapid urbanization poses multi-dimensional risks to specific historic sites. This research aimed to assess and compare urban development risks to these sites based on three conceptual approaches: the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), People–Nature–Culture (PNC) and Cultural Landscape and Contemporary Urban Development (CL & CUD), and to analyze key risk factors affecting historic sites in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya City Municipality. The instruments consisted of a field survey and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE). For assessment based on HUL approach, 27 sites were at low risk, including 18 temples, with key risk factors related to proximity to water and roads, surrounding buildings, and land use. Based on the PNC approach, temples showed the greatest risk, with 9 at moderate risk, mainly associated with water proximity, flooding, and building design. Based on the CL & CUD approach, temples again constituted the largest category, with 32 at moderate risk. Key risk factors included proximity to water and roads, surrounding buildings and land use. Preventive conservation should incorporate overlay measures, setback and special control zones, controls on the types and scales of surrounding land use, and the preservation of green spaces as buffer zones to enhance resilience. Integrated approaches should promote stakeholder participation and incentives, while conservation measures should be prioritized across short, medium, and long term actions to support sustainable historic site conservation.

A Comparative Hedonic Analysis of Condominium Asking Rents in Bangkok, Phuket, and Pattaya

Than Dendoung — 2026-09-29

This study estimates condominium rental price differentials from online listings across Thailand’s three major tourist cities, using Bangkok as the benchmark for Phuket and Pattaya while controlling for observable unit characteristics. Intercity differentials are measured with a hedonic regression in which the dependent variable is the natural logarithm of monthly rent (in Thai baht). Model 1 controls for the number of bedrooms, while Model 2 adds unit size through log(size_sqm), allowing the effect of unit composition on estimated city effects to be assessed. Confidence intervals at 95% are based on heteroskedasticity-robust (HC1) standard errors. The main finding is the magnitude and persistence of city-level effects relative to Bangkok. In Model 1, Pattaya has a monthly rent 11.5% lower (95% CI -13.3% to -9.6%) and Phuket 23.8% higher (95% CI 21.4% to 26.3%). When apartment size is included in Model 2, the monthly rent in Pattaya is 16.8% lower (95% CI -18.3% to -15.2%) and in Phuket 14.3% higher (95% CI 12.5% to 16.2%), and the model fit improves as the adjusted R-squared rises from 0.491 to 0.663. These results indicate that factors beyond apartment size drive rental differences across cities, since the gaps remain statistically significant after adjusting for size. The study offers robust, transparent estimates of rental levels in Thailand’s major tourist cities that can support comparison and benchmarking.

The Role and Potential of Urban Public Park Services: A Case Study in Bangkok, Thailand

Waralak Khongouan — 2026-09-22

Urban public parks play a pivotal multi-functional role in enhancing the quality of city life, providing spaces for recreation, physical exercise, environmental preservation, and social interaction. To establish robust design guidelines for future park management, this study evaluates the service potential of urban public parks across diverse functional capacities. Focusing on seven district parks in Bangkok, the primary research instrument utilized was a Scalogram analysis based on Guttman’s data arrangement concept. This method categorized park functionalities into five distinct dimensions: recreation, exercise, inclusivity (‘parks for all’), learning, and social interaction. The findings reveal that high-potential parks capable of concurrently serving multiple roles are predominantly concentrated in central business districts (CBDs) specifically Benchakiti Park and Lumphini Park. Crucially, the analysis demonstrates that a park’s service potential is determined by the diversity of internal activities and completeness of structural features, rather than being constrained by its spatial scale or geographic location within the CBD. Consequently, urban landuse planning in Bangkok should prioritize the programmatic richness and contextual design of park features over mere physical size. Enhancing these attributes will maximize the efficiency of urban green spaces and foster sustainable urban development.