Journal of Science and Agricultural Technology

Trichoderma: Biology, ecology and Trichoderma-plant and Trichodermapathogen interactions

2023-04-28T10:01:07+07:00

The fungal genus Trichoderma, belonging to the family Hypocreaceae, Euascomycetes, Ascomycota,

Eukaryota, consists of more than 200 species and ecologically resides in most soils in the roots of plants as

a rhizosphere-competent and in the part of plants as avirulent opportunistic symbionts, in the decaying woods and

organic matters as saprophytes. However, to study the biology, ecology, and plant-Trichoderma-pathogen

networking, it is essential to understand the colonization of host plant roots, plant growth promotion, root hair

development, yield or crop productivity, induced systemic resistance, and prime plant defense. The objective of this

review paper was to describe the Trichoderma functions which can attack, invade, and inhibit other types of fungi

or microbes as biocontrol agents through the mechanisms called antagonistic organisms, antibiosis, nutrient and

space competition, mycoparasitism, endophytic colonization, and inactivation of plant pathogen’s enzymes. This

review summarizes an overview of the biology, ecology, and knowledge background of Trichoderma-plant and

Trichoderma-pathogen interactions.

Adsorption of methylene blue dye onto the natural liquid sugars-based carbon: Kinetic and thermodynamic

2023-07-04T09:42:13+07:00

In this research, the sugarcane juice–derived carbon material (SJBC) was successfully synthesized by a simple, rapid, and one−step reaction for methylene blue adsorption. The SJBC was produced by the reaction of sugarcane juice with sulfuric acid. The characterization of the synthesized SJBC was performed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, and BET. The adsorption behaviors of SJBC products were investigated by the determination of the adsorption capacity of methylene blue. The optimum condition for the highest adsorption capacity was at pH 7 and contact time for 480 min. The kinetic, adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic of methylene blue onto SJCB were studied. Pseudo−second−order and Langmuir isotherm were best fitted for methylene blue removal. The maximum adsorption of methylene blue by SJBC was 121.9 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH > 0), entropy (ΔS < 0), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG < 0) were estimated which demonstrated the endothermic processability, the feasibility and the spontaneity of the methylene blue adsorption onto SJCB. The presence of salts (NaCl and MgCl₂) and coexisting ions (Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺) cause a decrease of the adsorption efficiency.

Influenced factors for cotton dyeing process with mangosteen leaf extract

2023-11-28T11:00:41+07:00

This current study investigated the aqueous extracts of using mangosteen leaves for dyeing cotton fabric with various mordants to develop color shadings. Freshly prepared extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. It was found that mangosteen leaf extract revealed the presence of pH in the range of 6.0-7.6 and the content of phenolic compound, flavonoid, reducing sugar and tannin in the range of 0.32-1.10 GAE/mg DW, 0.70-2.97 QE/mg DW, 0.91-7.15 mg/mL and 17.5-24.79 ECGC/mg DW, respectively. This might be responsible for the reducing properties. The three times repetition of 80g/L extract with mordant was found to be the most satisfy characterized by using colorimetric characteristics (CIE L^*a^*b^*). It can be concluded that mangosteen extract has high potential for fabric dyeing and might be a promising low-cost reducing agent for developing green dyeing for clothing in the near future.

Accuracy of genomic breeding values estimated from simulation of the dairy cattle population of northern Thailand

2023-12-19T15:01:12+07:00

Accuracy is of significant importance in animal breeding, as it directly impacts the response to selection.

The objectives of this study were to estimate the accuracy of genomic breeding values (GEBV) from a simulated

population of the dairy cattle population of northern Thailand, which has exhibited an increasing trend from the past

to the present. Data were simulated using a calibration set (CS) of 2,000 and 3,000 animals, heritability (h²) ranging

from 0.05 to 0.50, and the number of SNPs at 20K and 40K. The GEBV was estimated using BLUP under animal

model, and the accuracy was estimated by the correlation between GEBV and TBV from the simulation. The

accuracy of GEBV ranged from 0.0870 to 0.8761. The CS of 3,000 animals was higher than the CS of 2,000 animals.

Additionally, it was observed that the accuracy of the low h² trait was unstable and lower than the high h² trait, and

the accuracy between 20K and 40K of SNPs was similar, with the highest values being 0.8761 and 0.8189,

respectively. This study showed the CS of 3,000 animals and SNPs 40K would be appropriate for estimating GEBV.

Effect of extraction time on the amounts of neurotransmitters and amino acids in chicken essence

2023-11-20T14:43:57+07:00

This study aimed to quantify yields of chicken essence, neurotransmitters, and amino acid concentrations

in chicken essence. Kasetsart University, Thailand, bred three chicken lines to improve carcass percentages, and we

used the chicken lines as the sources for chicken essence preparation. The selected chicken lines were Betong

chicken (KU line), Tapaotong Kasetsart, and KU-Phuparn. Treatments were different extraction times for 1.0, 1.5,

and 2.0 hours at 100 degrees Celsius. The results showed that Betong chicken (KU line) yielded higher amounts of

chicken essence when employing 1.5 and 2.0 hours of extraction time compared to others from the Tapaotong

Kasetsart and KU-Phuparn lines. Also, the concentration of each neurotransmitter in chicken essence with different

extraction times was significantly different (P < 0.05). In addition to extraction time, Betong chicken (KU line)

carcasses as the source of chicken essence preparation generated the highest amounts of anserine, carnosine, and

creatine, followed by KU-Phuparn and Tapaotong, Kasetsart, respectively. Like neurotransmitters, extending

extraction time improved the contents of amino acids. Compared to chicken essence extracted from Betong chicken

(KU line) and Tapaotong Kasetsart, chicken essence originating from the KU-Phuparn line tended to generate a

higher concentration of amino acids. The findings suggest that chicken lines and extraction affected chicken essence

yields and amounts of neurotransmitters and amino acids in chicken essence.

Effect of ozone micro-nano bubbles on longan shelf life extension

2023-05-15T15:12:52+07:00

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate the effect of water use on micro/nano ozone bubbles (O₃MNBs) on extending the shelf life of longan was investigated. The experiment used Completely Random Design (CRD) consisted of 4 treatments and 4 replications, i.e. 1) Distilled water, 2) 10 minutes O₃MNBs water, 3) 20 minutes O₃MNBs water and 4) 10 minutes O₃MNBs water. Longan fruit were soaked in each treatment then stored at 5°C and 80% relative humidity. The results revealed that the control treatment was the highest on weight loss than other treatments at 6-9 days after treated by O₃MNBs water. Moreover, The L* and b* color indexes of longan fruit skin showed that the O₃MNBs water treatments were greater than the untreated fruit. The control treatment appeared pericarp browning at 9 days after storage and was found fungal on the fruit at 12 days after treatment.

Effects of humic acid on growth and development of melon in nutrient solution culture

2023-09-15T15:11:20+07:00

A study on the effects of humic acid on vegetative growth and physiological changes of melon (Cucumis

melo L.) was investigated. The melon seedlings were grown in nutrient solution culture and established in the

greenhouse from December 2022 to February 2023 at the Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Rajamangala

University of Technology Lanna, Lampang, Thailand. The experiment was carried out using a completely

randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and ten replications, including 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200

mg/L of humic acid, respectively. The result showed that humic acid treatments affected the vegetative growth of

melons. The application of humic acid at 50 mg/L gave greater plant height, leaf width, and leaf length than other

treatments. The 25 and 50 mg/L humic acid enhanced leaf green color index (SPAD) and chlorophyll fluorescence

of melon trees. However, increasing humic acid at 100-200 mg/L reduced vegetative growth and chlorophyll

fluorescence.