Rattanakosin Journal of Science and Technology

A study of intensity radiographic image attenuated with barium sulfate filled rubber compound by using fluoroscopic images recorded with digital camera

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Actual progress of applied radiation plays a highly important role in medical radiology. In practice, generated materials optimize the process by decreasing the level of X-ray absorption. It has negative environmental effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the intensity radiographic image attenuated by barium sulfate filled rubber compound by using fluoroscopic images recorded with a digital camera. Method: formation of a barium sulfate filled rubber compound 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 phr into 3, 6, 9 mm thick sheets. The image processing consisted of an x-ray generator, fluoroscopic images, digital camera and computer device. Analysis process of method from intensity radiographic image using the ImageJ program. Result: analysis of the attenuation coefficient value from the voltage value presented lower levels of attenuation coefficient than those of the lowest voltage. Moreover, a greater ratio of the barium sulfate filled rubber compound and thicker had higher levels attenuation coefficient. It can therefore be concluded that the rubber-compounded barium sulphate could be used as a guide to create radiation protection equipment and to develop radiation protection for other research techniques.

Energy of Cartesian Product of graphs K_2 and G with self-loops

Chunya Tisklang, Kanika Chinphan — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Let be the graph obtained from the simple graph G of order n , by attaching self-loops to vertices. The energy of the graph denoted by is defined by

where are the eigenvalues of for .

In this paper, we study the energy of the cartesian product of the complete graph and the undirected finite simple graph G with self-loops denoted by and we have

where are the eigenvalues of G for .

Measurement of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Frequency Band of 2.4 GHz

Banjerd Suansap, Nithikan Thonglod, Praphat Arnmanee — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This paper presents the measurement of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz. This research consists of a receiving antenna, a RF amplifier, a rectifier and an Arduino board. A radiating patch of the antenna is surrounded by an electromagnetic band gap structure, in order to suppress surface wave propagation. Resulting in a narrow half-power beam width (HPBW) of the antenna. As a result, the proposed antenna can provide more accurate positioning for SAR measurements. The proposed antenna structure has dimensions of 202×202 sq.mm, fabricated on an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and thickness of 1.6 mm. In addition, the measured |S11| of -34.17dB at 2.45GHz frequency, the HPBW of 61.8 and 60.9 degrees in XZ and YZ planes, respectively. A signal received from the proposed antenna is fed to the RF amplifier and the rectifier circuits, to amplify the signals and they are converted to voltage. After that, they are fed to the Arduino board, to calculate the SAR values and display they on the LCD screen.

A Characterization of Automorphism Group and Strong Endomorphism Monoid on Trees with Diameter less than 4

Thanaphon Yaprome, Orawee Kruthoon, Nirutt Pipattanajinda — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

For a graph G, automorphisms and strong endomorphisms on graph G refer to functions of vertex set on graph G with preserving strong connectivity, the property allows the set of these functions, along with the composition operation, to exhibit group and monoid, respectively. This research aims to identify the characteristics of automorphism and strong endomorphism functions on tree graphs with diameters less than 4.

Improvement of Bulk Stone Stock Yard Layout using ABC Analysis of Industrial Limestone Production Company

Rutaiphat Sukrasorn, Teerawat Suwannawat — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to improve Bulk Stone Stock Yard Layout using ABC Analysis and ECRS technique for rearrangement. The study focuses on reducing unnecessary movement and time in Stone Stock Yard management. After the layout adjustment, it was found that the time and distance for activities (round trip) from the weighing station to the piles of Stone Stock for sale by trucks of sizes 6, 10, and 18 wheels decreased. The research also revealed that products with high sales volume require quick distribution and usage. Efficient management and utilization of the limestone stockyard have become more effective. The research emphasizes process improvement to increase efficiency in Stone Stock Yard management and product allocation according to market demands.

Production conditions of Antioxidant-Rich Vinegar from Coffee Cherry Peels for Health

Patthanant Natpinit — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This investigation aimed to develop vinegar fermented from alcohol derived from the fermentation of coffee cherry husks, focusing on creating a cider beverage rich in antioxidants. The study examined the effects of various factors on acetic acid production, such as the type of microbial strain used, the initial alcohol concentration, and the sugar quantity. Alcohol with a concentration of 13-15% was diluted to levels ranging from 3-12% for fermentation into acetic acid. The strains of Acetobacter pasteurianus, specifically TISTR 102 and TISTR 521, were compared, both of which produced more than 4.5% acetic acid. The resulting product contained phenolic compounds at 715 ug gallic acid per ml of vinegar. It exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay at 21.27 ug ascorbic acid per ml of vinegar, demonstrating an inhibition rate of 8.36%. Similarly, the antioxidant activity in the FRAP assay was measured at 38.79 mg of ferrous sulfate per gram of coffee husk and 139 ug of ferrous sulfate per ml of vinegar. The results indicated that the antioxidant activity assessed by the FRAP method was more effective than that determined by the DPPH method, highlighting the potential for developing this product as a nutritionally valuable and health-promoting option in the future.

Shrimp Pond Water Temperature Forecasting System using Multiple Regression: a case study of Sam Roi Yot Subdistrict, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Shrimp farming is an important economic industry, where water temperature control plays a crucial role in the health and growth of shrimp. This research develops a tool system for collecting shrimp pond environmental data to forecast water temperature in shrimp ponds using 7 types of sensors to collect environmental data as follows: 1. Time 2. Water temperature 3. Air temperature 4. Air relative humidity 5. Water pH 6. Light intensity 7. Wind speed 8. Wind direction. The obtained data were analyzed using multiple regression to find the relationship of various factors on the forecast of water temperature in shrimp ponds. It was found that the factors with significance at the 0.05 level were:
1. Time 2. Water temperature 3. Air temperature 4. Air relative humidity 5. Light intensity. A real-time temperature forecasting system was developed, 1 hour in advance, with an accuracy of 98.2 percent, which allows farmers to promptly prepare equipment to adjust the water temperature in the pond to reduce possible losses from changes in water temperature.

Using Jerusalem Artichoke Instead of Fat in Whole Wheat Bread

Rayawadi Phadungkan, Kitipoom Nilchan, Orrathai Chumyen — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to study the appropriate amount of Jerusalem artichoke for the physical, chemical, and changes during the preservation of whole wheat bread by replacing fat with Jerusalem artichoke. The study examined three levels of Jerusalem artichoke substitution for fat: 50%, 70%, and 100%. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used for the experiment, and the average scores were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and compared using Duncan’s new multi-range test with statistical software. The study found that the appropriate amount of Jerusalem artichoke for fat substitution in whole wheat bread is 50% of the fat in the ingredients (45 grams of Jerusalem artichoke and 45 grams of butter). Using Jerusalem artichoke in this proportion increases the nutritional value of whole wheat bread, reducing the fat content from 8.41% to 5.31%, and increasing the protein content from 9.87% to 10.47% without changing the brightness and color values. The amount of Jerusalem artichoke also slightly affects the bread's specific volume, texture, and chemical properties. Regarding shelf life, the product can be stored at room temperature for no more than 4 days after baking, in compliance with the Thai community product standard for bread (TCPS 747/2555) issued by the Thai industrial standards institute, Ministry of Industry.