Journal of Engineering and Innovation

Harmonic currents elimination in electric vehicle charging systems with shunt active power filters using PI controller

2024-03-29T11:22:36+07:00

This article presents the harmonic elimination in an electric vehicle charging system using a shunt active power filter (SAPF). The PI controller is applied for the compensating current injection and the DC bus voltage controls of SAPF. The design of four significant parts for effective harmonic elimination performance is discussed. The first part is
the design of the structure and parameters of SAPF suitable for the electric vehicle charging system. The harmonic detection using instantaneous power theory combined with sliding window Fourier analysis (PQF) is the second part. The third part is the PI controller design of the compensating current control, and the DC bus voltage control is the final part. The performance of harmonic elimination is tested using the MATLAB/Simulink program. The total harmonic distortion ( % i THD ) and the power factor ( pf ) after the compensating current injection are used for the evaluation criteria of the harmonic elimination performance. These performance indexes refer to the IEEE Standard 519-2022 standard. The simulation results confirm that the proposed SAPF performs well in eliminating harmonics in the electric vehicle charging system. After compensation, the % i THD is found to be 4.03% , and the pf is 1. These performance indexes are within the specified limits of IEEE Standard 519-2022.

Torque measurements at the shaft of the star feeder

2023-09-28T10:23:13+07:00

The development of a torque measurement method for star-feeder fertilizer is important due to the role of torque in assessing tractive efficiency. This research aims to develop a torque measurement method for fertilizer using a star feeder. Strain gauges are bonded on the shaft of a star feeder to measure torque, while the rotational speed of the shaft was measured by a proximity switch. The studies were focuses on a 60 cm diameter of the steel ground wheel and the tests were conducted at tractor travel speeds of 2.68, 4.76, and 6.67 km/hr, with vertical wheel loads of 1.27, 1.35, and 1.44 kN. The tests were performed on both asphalt and the soil surfaces. The results showed that the vertical wheel load affected the torque applied to the fertilizer conveyor. As the vertical wheel load and tractor speed increased, the power required to drive the fertilizer conveyor increased. Moreover, it was found that the power required to drive the fertilizer conveyor on soil surfaces was higher than on asphalt surfaces.

Rope - type torque measuring kit and finding the brake power using LabVIEW

2024-07-09T11:16:25+07:00

This article shows the development of a rope torque measurement kit using LapVIEW. The objectives of this research were to 1) design and build a rope-type torque measuring set, 2) find error of the torque measuring set and 3) show the brake power of the Pelton water turbine. The system will receive the input variables: kilogram-force from using a rope to pull the drum installed on the shaft of the water turbine and rotational speed. These variables will be calculated as torque, the brake power of the Pelton water turbine and display the values on the computer wich LabVIEW program. The following findings were obtained 1) the torque measurement set that was created can measure torque not more than 10 Nm with a maximum error of ±2.20 % and the rotational speed measurement has a maximum error of ± 1.01 %, 2) the torque measurement set can display the brake power of the Pelton water turbine very well.

Elasto-plastic deformation analysis of A1050P aluminum sheet subjected to three-point bending and estimation of the springback of the bent sheet

2024-04-06T16:44:40+07:00

This study describes the three-point bending deformation characteristics of the bent part of an aluminum alloy sheet (A1050P). The elasto-plastic states in the bent zone of the worksheet at bending angles of 0°–90° were simulated using the finite element method (FEM). To develop a simulation bending model, a three-point bending experiment was conducted using a 0.39-mm-thick aluminum sheet. The bending load resistance and deformation profile of the bent part in the FEM model were compared with the experimental results, and the initial punch indentation depth (dP) was varied within a certain range. The FEM model was developed and simulated using isotropic elasto-plastic solid properties. When simulating the three-point bending process, the modification of the plastic coefficient appears to be the primary characteristic that closely matches the experimental results. Through the FEM simulation of the worksheet, the following results were obtained: (1) The contract friction force (c) between the worksheet and the channel die was greater than that between the punch and the worksheet. This may be due to the boundary conditions of the three-point bending apparatus. (2) The pressure dependency of the friction coefficient is important. Further investigation into this pressure dependency, specifically the relationship between contact pressure and frictional resistance, should be considered. (3) The corner radius of the channel dies had a greater impact on the maximum principal compressive stress (P2max) than the maximum principal tensile stress (P1max), primarily because of the abrasive forces encountered during the three-point bending process. The peak maximum ratio of P2max by P1max was approximately 1.12–1.27. An appropriate round edge of the corner die is important. (4) The number of nonlinear elasto-plastic states at the bending zone appeared to be three. The different separations in the three states may be due to the three different stress distribution patterns. (5) Regarding springback, for large (deep) deformations, Gardiner’s model closely matched the simulation model. This was confirmed by comparing the undefined V-notch with the applied V-notch. However, for small (shallow) deformations, further investigation is required through experimentations.

The study of mechanical characteristics and metallurgical of metal welding dissimilar between A335 P11 and A312 TP304 stainless steels by using GTAW

2024-05-06T15:46:37+07:00

The objective of this research is to study the mechanical properties and metallurgical structure of welded joints of A312 TP304 and A335 P11 steel for pipes size 2 inches, length 13 cm., thickness 5.54 mm., which is commonly used as fire tube steam for water tube boilers by gas tungsten arc method using filler metals Ni625/ER NiCrMo-3. RILON TIG 200A argon welding machine, welding current 95 V, welding speed 13.4 mm/min, shielding gas flow volume 15 liters/min. Perform mechanical property tests and metallurgical structures. The results of the experiment found that characteristics of deep penetration and melting between the weld metal and consistent metal work and there is perfection between the weld metal and the work metal. The width of the thermal influence zone of the welding process is similar and there are no defects in the welding line. The gas tungsten arc welding process will produce an average maximum tensile strength of 730 MPa and the highest hardness value is in the heat affected zone (HAZ P11) with an average maximum hardness of 209 HV. Impact tests have found that the average energy absorbed in the impact area Hot HAZ (A312 TP304) has better toughness than the HAZ (A335 Gr.P11) hot impact area and the welding area. Bending test results when bending to an angle of 180° and visual inspection did not reveal any cracks in all specimens. It can be concluded that the gas tungsten arc welding process of A335 P11 and A312 TP304 steel welds in all these workpieces was of satisfactory high quality which it is used in the selection of the welding process for the most usability efficiently.

Optimal forming condition for producing the food container from cassava leaves using Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology

2024-04-12T16:47:53+07:00

Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were applied to analyze the effects of factors in hot compression of food container from cassava leaves, namely forming temperature, pressure, and time, as well as finding an optimal forming condition in production based on vertical compression force, puncture force, and water absorption time. The forming of food containers from cassava leaves was conducted using a hot-compression machine. From the experiment, an increase of the forming temperature in the range of 170-190 oC caused the vertical compression force and puncture resistance of the food containers decreased slowly. However, the forming with higher compression pressures in the range of 1500-2200 psi resulted in vertical compression force resistance was clearly increased, but reduced the puncture force resistance. Increasing the forming time in the range of 5-9 minutes affected in a longer water absorption time but the forming time in the range of 5-6.5 minutes resulted in a decrease of puncture force. In addition, the regression models fitted of the vertical compression force, puncture force, and water absorption time were used to optimize the forming condition for manufacturing the food container from cassava leaves. An optimal condition found was the forming temperature 170 oC, forming pressure 1600 psi, and forming time 6 minutes with a desirability score of 0.615, and the predicted responses were the vertical compression force 22.5 N, puncture force 1.41 N, and water absorption time 22.5 minutes. Likewise, the food container produced with this optimal condition had the actual experimental value that differs with predicted value by less than 5%.

Effects of sinking distance and unit weight of LAF-Contained PET bottles on evaporation suppression efficiency from water surfaces

2024-06-11T11:48:30+07:00

Evaporation causes water loss in reservoirs. One common approach to reduce evaporation is to use floating materials to cover the water's surface. There are different commercial products available for this purpose, such as round plastic balls, round discs, and square discs, but these can be expensive. Recycling materials like PET water bottles and laminated aluminum foil (LAF) waste offers a cost-effective alternative. This study conducted a field experiment to determine the most efficient sinking distance or unit weight of LAF-contained PET bottles for suppressing evaporation. Seven plastic basins were used, including one control and six experimental basins. Each basin had a floating cover 75% of the total surface area, allowing space for bottles to float freely without overlapping. The sinking distances of horizontally placed LAF-contained PET bottles were set at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 cm in each basin. The experimental results showed that LAF-contained PET bottles with a sinking distance of 3.0 cm (half the bottle's width when floating horizontally) and a unit weight of 442 kg/cm³ demonstrated the highest evaporation suppression efficiency as 56.9%. Therefore, the findings of this study are a guideline for preparing LAF-contained PET bottles with the appropriate sinking distance and unit weight to achieve the most effective evaporation suppression.

Applying value stream mapping and ECRS to minimizing waste in the hub and spoke distribution in Thai apparel manufacturer

2024-06-20T11:31:22+07:00

The apparel industry is one of the strategic commodities for the Thai economy. With a less competitive center for the production of apparel, this study aims to identify the wastes in the Hub and Spoke unit (HSU) and provide recommendations to minimize the wastes. This study collected the data from 30 samples at the HSU by using qualitative methods through interviews and observation. Data was collected through recording activities with instruments and observation of the processing time of HSU process flow throughout the receiving of the raw materials from suppliers until distribution to business units. Several lean tools are applied such as root cause analysis, process activity mapping, and value stream mapping (VSM) concept to analyze the problem. The lean tool approach plays an important role in systematically carrying out the improvement based on its well- known method called; Eliminate, Combine, Simplify, and Re-arrange (ECRS). The results of the identification of wastes using the VSM show that there are activities that are non-value-added (NVA) with a total time of 245 minutes of a total time of 832 minutes or 29.45% in the process of HSU. Based on the future VSM after processed improvement by ECRS, it was found that the time of activities that NVA reduced by 105 minutes, and total time of activities from 832 minutes to 700 minutes or reduced by 15.87%. The proposal improvement provided based on the analysis of critical wastes in the form of combined activities, eliminating non-necessary activities, expanding the HSU space and re-arrange production process, making standard operating procedures (SOP), re-skill and upskilling training preventing, avoiding defective work, and organizing the information flow with well understand and acknowledge from SOP. The manufacturers, apparel HSU, or logistics managers will gain several benefits, be well organized, and continuously improve their company performance.

Corrosion analysis of low alloy steel subjected to a simulated SO2-containing atmosphere

2024-07-14T13:07:03+07:00

This article aims to analyze the corrosion process of low alloy steel exposed to a simulated SO2-containing atmosphere. In this study, the corrosion thickness loss was monitored to investigate the corrosion process of low alloy steel and then the linear fitting technique was then applied to obtain the kinetics of the corrosion process. Rust morphologies and rust constituents were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that corrosion process of low alloy steel exposed to the simulated SO2-containing atmosphere consists of two sub-processes: accelerating and decelerating process. The difference in rust morphologies and the rust phases between two sub-processes was obvious. The nonprotective rust with unstable rust constituents was found in the first sub-process. As the corrosion process proceeded, the rust became more stable and protective. The thick rust composed of the stable rust constituents formed on low alloy steel provided the retarding effect to the diffusion of sulphate ions and thereby decreasing the corrosion rate of this steel experiencing the simulated SO2-containing atmosphere. atmosphere.

Non-destructive inspection of cracked coconut fruit using a small portable near-infrared spectrometer

2024-09-07T13:38:30+07:00

The spoilage of young coconuts due to internal cracking is a significant issue for selling young coconuts, as farmers cannot detect the cracks from the outside. This results in cracked coconuts being passed on to importers or buyers, causing them to lose confidence in the product's quality. Therefore, this research aims to develop a non-destructive method to detect internal cracking in young coconuts using a small portable near-infrared spectrometer with a wavelength range of 900-1700 nm, utilizing the reflectance mode for measurement. The absorbance data of young coconuts from the near-infrared spectroscopy were analyzed to create qualitative prediction equations for classifying cracked and normal coconuts groups using Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA). The results found that the absorption values which were pretreated using mathematical Standard normal variate (SNV) method gave the best classification accuracy result of 72.34% and 74.47%, respectively from the unknown sample group. This research demonstrated that a small portable near-infrared spectrometer could help detect cracked and normal coconuts in a convenient, fast, and non-destructive manner. However, the predictive equation should always be improved by collecting additional samples with yearly variations in chemical properties to enhance the accuracy of the prediction.

Guidelines for selecting the type of curtain wall for energy conservation or reducing the impact of solar energy in high-rise buildings. A case study of an office building with a height of 25 floors or more in the Bangkok Metropolitan area

2024-09-21T16:30:59+07:00

This research presents a study of the impact of solar energy on various types of large glass (curtain wall) in high-rise office buildings. The study considered data from interviews with designers from 4 leading companies that had designed 4 projects of office buildings over 25 floors in Bangkok Metropolitan. The study aims to identify the impact of using different types of glass, both within and below the legal criteria, in terms of energy conservation, according to the minimum energy efficiency standards using the Building Energy Code (BEC). The researcher used a testing method by simulating the values of energy-saving prototype buildings and using the glass properties in the types as alternatives to test the efficiency and value when comparing the efficiency and price. This allows building owners or designers, both architects and engineers, to consider the glass that is suitable for resisting heat from solar radiation. They can select glass with good efficiency at a reasonable price according to the construction cost structure that the project owner has planned in advance. The research results provide criteria for determining the glass type by experimenting with OTTV calculations in the BEC web base program, referring to the calculated values and displaying them in graphs to show the comparison of both energy conservation values and the cost of large glass walls. The results of the study from the tested glass found that the OTTV value in Group 2, the insulated glass type, The thickness of the front glass panel is 6 mm. + air gap of 12 mm. + the thickness of the back glass panel is 6 mm. It has a moderate energy saving value and the cost not too high. It also meets the energy saving requirements. However, when using the summary data, architects or engineers designer, in addition to considering the energy saving value and price, should also consider the current regulations and laws that have added requirements by the outer glass panel must not fall down and be a danger to people walking outside below. Therefore, architects need to consider the curtain wall according to the efficiency value from Group 3 (the group with laminated glass on the outer panel) and select the type with a price that is appropriate for the budget from the group. This will be used to conclude the design to pass the energy conservation criteria as specified by law and within the project budget.

The analysis of decision factors influencing the selection of boat transportation mode in Klong Prawetburirom

2024-07-04T11:35:08+07:00

This study investigates the determinants underlying individuals' choices between private/public land transportations and boat commuting along Khlong Prawetburirom in the On Nut area. Employing the State Preference framework, which elucidates individual behavior, and drawing upon Utility theory, this research aims to optimize a model that comprehensively examines the factors influencing transportation mode choice. A Binary Logit model was employed to discern the decision ratio, yielding significant findings. Firstly, with a model accuracy of 76.60%, it was observed that individuals accustomed to private car usage exhibited a willing to transition to boat commuting by 23.4%, primarily influenced by the maximum tolerable waiting time. Secondly, with a model accuracy of 70.9%, individuals reliant on public transportation showed a propensity to switch to boat commuting by 42.6%, with individual travel cost/salary emerging as the most significant factor. The overall analysis indicates that approximately 36.86% of individuals would opt for boat commuting along Khlong Prawetburirom in the foreseeable future. Therefore, this model study highlights critical insights into prospective transportation preferences within the surveyed locale, offering valuable information for transportation development.

A performance and preferences based multi-objective assignment model with fuzzy inference system for worker assignment: a case study of spare parts department of agricultural machinery dealer

2024-06-08T21:36:06+07:00

The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new multi-objective assignment model based on worker performance and preference analyses. A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) was applied to analyze workers' performance and preferences with ten criteria. The proposed model was used to solve the worker assignment problem of the case study and compared to the other three assignment methods: the solution from the case study, the linear assignment model based on processing time, and the linear assignment model based on opportunity and self-development. The comparative results showed that the proposed model provided the best solution in terms of overall performance at 0.7169, whereas the other three methods were at 0.4526, 0.6335, and 0.4751, respectively.

Improvement of the mold supporting tray in food skewer processing using finite element analysis

2024-10-07T11:49:00+07:00

Food skewers are an important export product from Thailand. A supplier can receive orders as high as three hundred thousand sticks per month. Skewer machines play a crucial role in fulfilling these orders. Data from the past three months shows that the most frequent production interruption is due to the mold part being pulled away from the mold supporting tray. As a result, the production line must be stopped to reposition the mold. The root cause of the problem was identified as the excessive deflection of the mold supporting tray under compressive force. In this work, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to study the deflection of the mold supporting tray. The objective was to improve the tray to reduce its deflection. Three new designs were created by modifying the current tray. A compressive force of 630 Newton was applied to the mold to produce a compression load on the mold supporting tray. The deflection was then predicted using FEA. The deflection predicted is 16.48% less than experimental results. The deflection of the current tray was predicted to be 0.2777 mm, while the best alternative design had a deflection of 0.2450 mm. As the new design can decrease the deflection by 11.78%, it was then fabricated for experimental validation.For tray stiffness, the FEA result is 20.51% higher than experimental results. Despite these differences, the experiment agrees well with the FEA that the new tray design can reduce deflection and, consequently, reduce the mold’s pull-away problem.

Application of SWAT hydrological model and GSMaP satellite rainfall data for runoff estimation in an ungauged watershed: a case study of Lam Paniang Watershed

2024-04-12T14:55:00+07:00

It is true that runoff has a close relationship with rainfall distributed over the basin, while streamflow and rainfall stations within the Northeast region is also found to be insufficient and inevitably affects the water management of the entire watershed. The purpose of this study was to apply the SWAT hydrological model for evaluating runoff in the Lam Paniang Watershed between 2010 - 2020 by using the bias-corrected GSMaP_NRT satellite rainfall data as input for runoff estimation in ungauged areas. When compared to the observed runoff at E.64 and E.68A stations, the results showed that the values of R2 > 0.6, NSE > 0.5, and PBIAS < 25% of daily runoff simulated by the bias-corrected GSMaP_NRT satellite rainfall data of 55 grid points covering the entire Lam Paniang Watershed indicate satisfactory model performance for simulation in ungauged catchment. Thereafter, the runoff for each sub-basin and its spatial maps can be determined. In conclusion, it can be stated that the application of SWAT model in combination with GSMaP_NRT satellite rainfall data could appropriately be used to evaluate the runoff in ungauged watershed, in which the obtained results can be beneficial for efficient water management planning and effective flood and drought mitigation strategies applied in the area.