Journal of Engineering and Innovation

Accurate prediction of rice harvest dates for Pathumthani 1 and RD - MAEJO 2 rice cultivars using growing degree-day (GDD) obtained from IoT digital weather station

2024-02-07T10:04:55+07:00

Rice cultivation plays a pivotal role in Thailand’s economy, with physical factors significantly affecting rice growth and production quality. Prediction of harvest dates for Pathumthani 1 and RD - Mae Jo 2 rice varieties using IoT digital weather station data collection equipment to record temperature data, which was utilized to calculate growing degree-day (GDD). Additionally, we conducted physical property assessments to determine the quantity and quality of rice grains. Our findings revealed that the Pathum Thani 1 rice variety required an accumulated temperature of 1,865.50 GDD to reach maximum ripeness (55.18% developed whole kernels), corresponding to 110 days after sowing. For the RD - Mae Jo 2 rice variety, 1,862.00 GDD was needed for maximum growth (62.36% developed whole kernels), resulting in harvest after 110 days post-sowing. The GDD data accumulated from the sowing date until the harvest date allowed us to develop precise harvest date prediction models with a harvesting efficiency coefficient of 0.013. These insights can be applied to enhance database systems for predicting and recommending optimal rice harvest times for Pathum Thani 1 and RD - Mae Jo 2 rice varieties, benefitting local farmers.

Development of Solar Tunnel Dryer for Cassava chip

2024-02-02T15:22:52+07:00

Development of solar tunnel dryer for cassava chip is inspired by researcher who foresaw the problem of conventional method cassava drying and intend to solve challenges occurred along the process. The project can solve various problems such as dust pollution from drying, interfering weather conditions, and so on. Moreover, the solar tunnel dryer can increase the drying efficiency better than conventional method, It can reduce the drying time around 5 hours or 30% of the total drying time compared to the previous method, and can also make the air temperature inside the solar tunnel dryer as high as 58.8 ° C or 54.33 % of the air temperature used in conventional method. Flat shape of cassava chip at thickness 4 cm was reduce the moisture content to 20.06 % wb in 21 hr and payback period of the solar drying tunnel is 0.9 years.

Damper factors affecting the natural frequency of the HDD actuator arm

2023-09-18T15:21:28+07:00

This research employed finite element simulation to study the damper factors affecting the natural frequency of the HDD actuator arm by calculating the natural frequency of the HDD actuator arm in the bending, torsion, and sway mode shapes. The accuracy of the simulation was verified by comparing with the PSV400 test results for the natural frequency of the HDD actuator arm without a damper, which had a maximum error of 7.82 percent in the bending and sway mode shapes of the arm side. Finite element simulation, which aimed to investigate the factors of thickness, modulus of elasticity, and damper mounting positions, the damper thickness was varied in three values: 0.11 mm, 0.15 mm, and 0.19 mm. The modulus of elasticity of the damper was mutable in three values: 197 GPa, 200 GPa, and 203 GPa, along with three damper mounting positions: bottom, middle, and end of the HDD actuator arm. The simulation results demonstrated that mounting a damper on the bottom and middle position of the HDD actuator arm increased the natural frequency in the bending and torsion mode shapes of the arm side. The natural frequency in the bending and sway mode shapes of the arm side decreased when a damper was mounted at the end position of the HDD actuator arm. In all mode shapes, the natural frequency reduced when a high thickness and modulus of elasticity damper were positioned at the end of the HDD actuator arm.

Development of IoT-Based water quality monitoring system for Biofloc fish farming

2024-02-06T15:26:05+07:00

This research presents the development of a system for monitoring water quality parameters in a fishpond biofloc system using IoT technology to assess key water quality parameters in the fishpond. The research consists of two parts: Part 1 involves the development of a system to monitor important water quality parameters in four fishponds simultaneously through a single monitoring station. It also includes controlling aeration to suit the amount of microbial in the fishpond using an inverter system. This system can measure parameters such as dissolved oxygen levels, pH, microbial quantity, water temperature, and air quality in the fishpond area. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can effectively monitor water quality parameters for all ponds, provide real-time results, and control aeration according to microbial levels in the biofloc fishpond system. Part 2 involves the development of sensors to measure microbial using light-based techniques to address cost issues in monitoring systems. The prototype sensor utilizes Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as a light source emitting at a narrow frequency band with a wavelength of 860 nanometers. It measures light absorption through Photo Diodes (PD) to determine microbial levels in the system. Experimental results show that the prototype sensor can effectively measure and indicate trends in microbial levels, with an average error of 28.56%. It can also describe changes in microbial characteristics within the system, indicating significant progress in developing a simple, cost-effective, and reliable real-time water quality monitoring method.

designing of experiment Factors affecting surface roughness in the milling process of SKD 61 steel using design of experiment

2023-11-28T15:49:28+07:00

The objective of this research was to examine the factors affecting surface roughness and cutting-edge wear in the milling process of SKD 61 steel using a 2^kFactorial Design experiment with 3 replicates and a total of 24 experiments. Factors studied consisted of the independent variables: two levels of cutting speed including 40 and 60 meters/minute, feed rate with 2 levels of 828 and 1,241 millimeters/minute, and spindle speed of 2 levels with 1,591 and 2,387 revolutions/minute. The dependent variable was the surface roughness standard JIS B 0633:2001, in which the arithmetic mean surface roughness value (Roughness Average: R_a) is between 0.1 - 2 micrometer. The experiments showed that the main factors that affect surface roughness are cutting speed and rotational speed. Which have a statistically significant influence on surface roughness at the level of 0.05. The cofactors are cutting speed and feed rate. Which have a statistically significant influence on surface roughness at the level of 0.05. The suitable milling conditions for the surface roughness value is a cutting speed of 60 meters/minute, a feed rate of 1,241 millimeters/minute, a rotational speed of 2,387 revolutions/minute. The surface roughness value will be 0.4552 micrometer.

Utilization of water hyacinth fiber and water hyacinth ash as supplementary materials of non-load bearing concrete block

2023-09-20T11:53:23+07:00

The objective of the research is to evaluate the potential of water hyacinth fiber and water hyacinth ash as supplementary materials for producing non-load bearing concrete block. In addition, the research aims to produce the concrete block reinforced with water hyacinth fiber (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 %wt by cement), water hyacinth ash (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 %wt by cement) and the mixture of water hyacinth fiber combined with water hyacinth ash. It includes investigation of the concrete block reinforced with water hyacinth fiber/water hyacinth ash in terms of physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The results revealed that water hyacinth fiber and WHA were considered as the suitable supplementary materials in the production of concrete block. The weight, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the concrete block decreased with the increasing of water hyacinth fiber and water hyacinth ash content; however, the water absorption increased with the increasing of the supplementary materials. The density of the concrete block decreased with increasing of water hyacinth fiber content. On the other hand, the density increased with increasing of water hyacinth ash content. The concrete block reinforced with 6 %wt of water hyacinth fiber and 8-10 %wt of water hyacinth ash were the most suitable content as the properties met the industrial standard (TIS58-2560), but the compressive strength of the concrete block reinforced with 8-10 %wt of water hyacinth fiber were the lowerest. Therefore, this concrete block was improved the compressive strength by adding of 4-8 %wt of water hyacinth ash. The result indicated that the compressive strength increased with the increasing of water hyacinth ash; furthermore, the concrete block reinforced with the mixture of 8 %wt of water hyacinth fiber combined with 4-8 %wt of water hyacinth ash met the industrial standard (TIS58-2560).

Maximum Power Point Tracking for EVs Charging Station Using Adaptive P&O Algorithm Under Stand-Alone Mode

2024-03-26T10:30:54+07:00

The article presents a maximum power point tracking approach for photovoltaic (PV) in electric vehicles (EVs) charging station system using adaptive perturb and observe algorithm (adaptive P&O algorithm). The proposed method changes the step size ( ) depending on the operating point of PV that can reduce oscillation in the steady-state of power response. Moreover, it can reduce oscillation of voltage crossing battery in electric vehicles (EVs). The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by comparing the responses with the conventional perturb and observe algorithm (P&O algorithm) through simulation using the MATLAB/Simulink program. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can provide more efficient in term of maximum power point tracking than those of the conventional perturb and observe algorithm.

Methodology of 3D underground object model for urban information modeling (UIM)

2024-02-02T16:13:00+07:00

This research proposes a three-dimensional underground object modeling method for integration and development into an Urban Information Model (UIM) to support the operation of a Digital Twin smart city under construction, maintenance, and facility management. It expands on the Building Information Modeling (BIM) concept using Naresuan University as a study area, developing both graphic and non-graphic data, including pipes, sewage systems, wastewater treatment systems, septic tanks, electrical conduits, and underground communication cables. The developed underground object model can be seamlessly integrated with existing urban information models, both graphic and non-graphic, facilitating data accessibility, searchability, visualization, data editing, and cross-dimensional data linkage. This significantly enhances data organization, reduces redundancy, and minimizes errors. Although integration with other platforms may be complex and require high levels of skill and expertise, the process overall reduces task execution time by an average of 28.73% while increasing labor productivity by 0.34% per person per project compared to traditional methods.

Solution Methods for Employee Pick-up and Drop-off Vehicle Routing Problems: A Case study of ABC Company

2024-02-02T15:57:34+07:00

Problem solving of arranging transportation routes to reduce costs at ABC company, which provides pick-up and drop-off services for 43 employees at 24 pick-up and drop-off points, under conditions of 1) using 5 shuttles (capacity 9 employees/shuttle) 2) duration not exceed 180 minutes/line. Methods to solve routing problems in this research are 1) Exact Approaches based on mathematical models and 2) various Heuristics (Saving Heuristic, Sweep Heuristic, Nearest Neighbor Heuristic and Nearest Insertion) combined with Extended Deming for selecting the best result of conditional Heuristics. The results of arranging transportation routes using Exact Approaches can reduce distance by 29.01%, reduce transportation costs by 25.11% and the best results meeting the conditions of using various Heuristics combined with Extended Deming is result of Saving Heuristic, which can reduce the distance by 27.54%, reduce transportation costs by 24.10% compared to the current routes.

Improvement of a variable-length work support for a drill fixture

2024-02-29T15:49:34+07:00

In the production of intake manifolds for engines, the workpieces are formed by aluminum casting process and finished by machining and drilling. For drilling process, the fixture must secure the workpieces with clamps and variable-length work supports to accommodate the slight variations in the size of the cast workpieces. If the work supports are not completely locked, the workpieces may move along the compression forces from the clamps causing the deviation of the hole position. The objectives of this study are to improve the variable-length work support to withstand the clamping force without movement. The hole must not deviate by more than 0.5 mm from the design position. Moreover, the new work support can function in automated operation thus generating a consistent locking force and reducing the overall operation time. The study began with the principles and theories on position locking using friction force on inclined surfaces. Followed by the design, production and test of the new work support. Finally, the new work support was installed onto the drilling machine for production testing. The design of the new variable-length work support has resulted in an equation relating the compressive force resistance and the locking force required by the support. This allows for the variable adjustment based on usage conditions in future designs. When the hydraulic pressure of 40 bars is supplied, there is no workpiece movement under the compressive force of the clamps. The average deviation of the hole center is 0.145 mm from the design position with the standard deviation of 0.056 mm. Lastly, the new work support with a hydraulic system can perform automated operation. The production of intake manifolds using the new variable-length work support has increased the production rate by 33.33%. The investment in this improvement has a payback period of 4 months.

Shear strength in reinforced Cellular Lightweight Concrete beam

2024-02-22T16:07:11+07:00

This paper presents the experimental results on the shear strength of reinforced cellular lightweight concrete beams
with a wet density of 1,800 kg/m3 and longitudinal reinforcement ranging from 0.2% to 1.8%. The tested beams include those with only longitudinal reinforcement and other with both longitudinal and stirrup reinforcement. Results indicate that the shear strength of the specimens is lower than the value specified in the design code. The factor to reduced shear strength of concrete () depended on percentage of longitudinal reinforcement, which is less than the required amount. Additionally, beams with stirrup reinforcement exhibit lower shear strength compared to beams with only longitudinal reinforcement, as the concrete and stirrups are not concerted to resistance shear force, and stirrups are the main contributor to resisting shear force, shear resistance from cellular lightweight concrete is very low. Therefore, a revised method of determining shear strength in reinforced cellular lightweight concrete beam, that excludes concrete shear
resistance is recommended.

The study on impact behavior of helmet shell reinforced with different length of coir fiber

2024-03-29T16:04:25+07:00

The aim of this research was to study on the application of coir fiber for composite material which is used for motorcycle helmet shell. Also the aim of the study was to examine the effect of fiber length on the crashworthiness capacity of motorcycle helmet shell under impact. The widely-used commercial open-face helmet type was used in this study. The study was conducted using computer simulation model and compare to the previously available experiment for validation. In order to achieve mechanical property of the composite material for construct the computational model, a number of composite specimens was fabricated using coir fiber with 30 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm lengths. They were formed by hand-lay up technique in vacuum bag.. The specimens of composite plate were tested for mechanical property according to ASTM D638. The mechanical property was assigned into the computational model and FEA computational program, ABAQUS, was applied for analytical process. Further study indicated that coir fiber is capable to use as composite material for helmet shell. The helmets with coir fiber provided higher crashworthiness capacity. This was verified by many key indicators such as the reductions of peak load and peak acceleration values and the improvement of the mean load. However, the value of HIC were not significantly changed compared to commercial helmet in some cases and this should be further investigated. Furthermore, it was also founded that the length of coir fiber affects to the crashworthiness capacity of helmet under impact significantly. The helmets with fiber length 30 mm reduced peak load by 40.68% and 30.42%, and reduced peak acceleration by 42.54% and 30.21%, and reduced HIC by 10.06% and 11.83% compared to helmets with fiber length of 40 and 50 mm, respectively. Therefore, it may be concluded that the coir fiber of 30 mm can significantly improve the crashworthiness capacity of helmet shell.

Application of Image Processing for Cutting-Path Generation in Fish Deheading

2024-02-06T16:15:13+07:00

The fish deheading process is a crucial step in the early stages of seafood processing. Traditionally, this process has relied heavily on skilled manual labor to maximize yield. While automated tools and machinery have been developed to assist with fish deheading, these machines still lack the flexibility to adapt their cutting patterns to accommodate the varying sizes and shapes of individual fish. Recent advancements in image processing techniques have led to their widespread adoption in various industries to enhance production efficiency, including quality control, inspection, and object recognition. This research aims to utilize image processing techniques to determine optimal fish-cutting paths to minimize flesh loss. The study involved three main steps: 1) data collection: Images of commonly used canned fish, mackerels, were captured from a top-down perspective under controlled lighting conditions with a reference scale, 2) image processing: Image processing algorithms were applied to extract quantitative information from the fish images, enabling the determination of cutting positions, and 3) analysis and path generation: the results of image processing and statistical analysis were combined to determine cutting positions and generate optimal cutting paths. After processing and analyzing image data of 50 fish samples within the length range of 150 to 250 millimeters, it was found that the average head-to-body length ratio was 0.23, with a standard deviation of 0.006. This ratio was used to establish the position and path for cutting the fish head following a straight-line approach. The cutting path accuracy was evaluated using another 50 sample fish images and the Fréchet distance metric. The average error between the cutting positions generated from image processing and the positions specified by experts was found to be 2.15 millimeters, with a standard deviation of 1.21 millimeters. This corresponds to a mere 1.01% of the body length, indicating a high degree of precision. To assess the practical effectiveness, 15 real fish samples were tested. The average weight loss after cutting the head was found to be 24.47% of the total body weight, with a standard deviation of 3.23%. This falls within the acceptable range for the seafood processing industry. The presented method for cutting fish heads using a straight line approach based on the head-to-body length ratio has proven to be accurate, and efficient, and results in minimal weight loss. The method's effectiveness was validated through both data analysis and real-world testing, making it a promising tool for the seafood processing industry.

Harmony search algorithm Implementation for Crop harvest scheduling

2024-05-09T10:21:04+07:00

การจัดตารางการเก็บเกี่ยวเป็นปัญหาสำคัญสำหรับอุตสาหกรรมการเกษตรเนื่องจากมีผลต่อปริมาณผลผลิตเป็นอย่างมาก ซึ่งปัญหานี้มีความซับซ้อนจากข้อจำกัดหลายอย่างและยากในการแก้ปัญหา โดยปัญหาการจัดตารางการเก็บเกี่ยวเป็นปัญหาที่นักวิจัยจำนวนมากให้ความสนใจโดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อลดต้นทุนในการเก็บเกี่ยวให้ต่ำที่สุด นักวิจัยมักจะใช้วิธีการหาคำตอบที่ดีที่สุดซึ่งสามารถใช้ได้กับปัญหาที่มีขนาดเล็ก หากปัญหามีความซับซ้อนและมีขนาดที่ใหญ่ขึ้นส่วนใหญ่จะใช้วิธีเมตะฮิวริสติกส์ ในงานวิจัยนี้นำเสนอวิธีการค้นหาการประสานเสียง (Harmony Search Algorithm) สำหรับปัญหาการจัดตารางเก็บเกี่ยวพืช เพราะเป็นวิธีแก้ปัญหาที่น่าสนใจซึ่งยังไม่เคยมีการวิจัยที่นำวิธีนี้มาใช้กับการจัดตารางการเก็บเกี่ยวพืช วิธีที่นำเสนอสามารถหาคำตอบเพื่อช่วยสนับสนุนการตัดสินใจของโรงงานแปรรูปที่ทำเกษตรพันธสัญญากับกลุ่มเกษตรกรในการกำหนดตารางเก็บเกี่ยวที่ทำให้ได้ผลผลิตในปริมาณและเวลาที่ต้องการ ภายใต้ข้อจำกัดต่าง ๆ ของโรงงานและเกษตรกร โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเพิ่มผลกำไรสูงสุดให้กับโรงงานแปรรูป ผลการวิจัยพบว่าวิธีที่นำเสนอใช้หาคำตอบได้ดีเท่ากับคำตอบที่ได้จากโปรแกรมสำเร็จรูป GAMS ในทุกขนาดของปัญหาแสดงให้เห็นว่าวิธีการนี้มีประสิทธิภาพในการหาคำตอบเท่ากับโปรแกรมสำเร็จรูป GAMS

A study of calculating Stiffness for an External Fixation side of the Tibia by the Locking Compression Plate Using Finite Element Analysis

2024-06-05T15:50:01+07:00

Surgical treatment for tibia fractures varies based on the fracture's severity and type, with multiple methods available. This article examines the use of locking compression plates (LCP) for external fixation, comparing it to the current unilateral method, which employs a single-sided external fixation device. The study evaluates LCP on three different sides—anterior, lateral, and medial. Using material properties (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio) as constants and a patient body weight limit of 70 kg, the analysis assesses deformation, stress, and strain via finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the most suitable treatment by evaluating stiffness values and predicting material behavior. In the axial compression test, the anterior installation yielded the best results, with a maximum von-Mises stress of 2,187.00 MPa, a strain of 0.078, and a stiffness of 164.71 N/mm. The torsion test showed a maximum von-Mises stress of 3,705.2 MPa, a strain of 0.104, and a stiffness of 1,759.58 N/mm. The 4-point bending test, with anterior-posterior force applied, resulted in a maximum von-Mises stress of 707.1 MPa, a strain of 0.004, and a stiffness of 2,916.67 N/mm, while the lateral-medial test yielded a maximum von-Mises stress of 356.1 MPa, a strain of 0.018, and a stiffness of 2,258.06 N/mm. These stiffness values were higher than those of the unilateral method, which ranged from 117 to 126 N/mm. Compared to the model by T. Wisanuyotin et al., which showed an average of 10% less deformation, we can conclude that the anterior locking plate installation model is suitable for surgical treatment of tibia fractures. The smaller deformation results in less bone movement, promoting faster healing. This beneficial effect provides a valuable guideline for further treatment.