Journal of Engineering and Innovation

Effects of temperature distribution on portable rotary dryer using finite thermal resistance analysis and CFD method in no loads conditions

Krissada Namwong — 2024-09-03

This research studied the fluid dynamics and thermal boundary distribution on portable rotary dryers using finite thermal resistance analysis with no external conditions involved. A small squared-edged rotary dryer was used to generate a swirling of hot air. The study was conducted with a mathematical model of finite thermal resistance (FTR) and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for calculating drying temperature and heat transfer rate. Afterward, the experimental results were examined in real conditions using the testing equipment. The test results revealed that at the actual experimental temperature of 85 °C, hot air velocity of 1.5 m/s, the FTR method, the drying temperature was lower than the average experimental result at 11.3 °C, with the maximum drying temperature of 69.6 °C and an average deviation of 9.2%. The CFD method resulted in the highest drying temperature of 83.0 °C, with an average deviation of 4.0%. Both methods showed the same direction as the experimental results with the average heat transfer rate of 49.28 watts. In the analysis of the uncertainty of drying temperature, the FTR and CFD methods resulted in ±2.171 °C and ±2.252 °C, respectively. The Coefficient of Determination: R² of the FTR and the CFD method provided the values of 0.9679 and 0.9989, respectively. The results can be applied in the analysis of the drying temperature of rotary dryers for other products.

Prediction of moisture content, modulus of elasticity and specific gravity of mixed grade Para rubber timber using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technique

Thanyaphon Soaon — 2024-09-03

This research aims to study the prediction of percent moisture content (MC), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and specific gravity (SG) of dried mixed grade para rubber timber and demonstrate the prediction diagram by using near infrared hyperspectral imaging technique (NIR-HSI) in 900-1,700 nm range of reflectance mode. The absorbance data of para rubber timber were utilized to predict moisture percentage, modulus of elasticity and specific gravity by partial least squares regression (PLSR) method. The results revealed that the absorbance data which were pretreated using mathematical method obtained the highest correlation coefficients (R_p) of the MC, MOE, and SG prediction equation of 0.95, 0.74 and 0.51, respectively. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.72 %db, 1.49 GPa and 0.03, respectively. In addition, the near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technique effectively illustrated the distribution of MC, MOE, and SG values of para rubber timber across the entire surface area in a non-destructive and quickly. However, it should focus on developing more accurate prediction equations by expanding the sample size and covering a broader range for future sample predictions.

Donut proofing process improvement case study of a factory in Roi-Ed province

Thanchuda Phannikul — 2024-09-03

The objective of this research is to improve the production process of donut at the case study factory. It was found that the dough proofing step is the most time-consuming stage in the production process, leading to high waiting time and increased production costs. Therefore, the research team designed a dough proofing machine to reduce waiting time for dough fermentation and minimize transfer time between production processes. After conducting tests, it was discovered that using the dough proofer could reduce the fermentation time from 2 hours to just 1 hour and 10 minutes.

Additionally, various Industrial Engineering principles such as ECRS and flow process charts were used to improve the factory's operations. As a result of these improvements, the production time decreased by 61.38 minutes per production cycle, representing a 10.16% reduction in overall production time. Consequently, the production costs decreased significantly by 4,471.44 Baht per month or 53,657.28 Baht per year. Moreover, unnecessary employee movements were minimized, resulting in reduced work fatigue as well.

The simulation of sugar content estimation of sugarcane based on dielectric properties for microwave imaging technique

Rujipas Sumranbumrung — 2024-09-03

The simulation of sugar content estimation of sugarcane based on dielectric properties for microwave imaging technique is proposed in this research. The specific dielectric constant contained in each pixel in the image is applied to indicate the type and position of objects in the area under test (AUT) such as sugarcane sample. The number of antenna around the AUT is defined by the angle of each antenna that directly affects to the resolution of reconstructed image. The major challenge of this project is a trade-off between image resolution and number of antenna. Increasing the numbers of antennas provide higher image resolution, however it also makes the imaging system more complex. The determination of suitable value is operated in the first process. It is found that the 5º of value provides the good agreement between image resolution and number of antenna for estimating sugar content. The simulation error of sugar content estimation in the reconstructed image is between 1.97-7.24% of given sweetness range (9-21 ºBrix). The error is computed by using the average of obtained dielectric constant in pixel near the core of cane sample area.

Development of wall block by soil cement and natural latex

Prachoom Khamput — 2024-09-04

The resurgence in using soil as a wall construction material for eco-friendly buildings has gained significant momentum over the past few years. This revival is largely attributed to the growing trend of minimizing cement use in construction. This study aims to identify the optimal mixture of laterite for use in construction projects across Krabi Province, focusing on its combination with cement and natural latex. Establish the ratio of cement to laterite mixture as 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, and 1:10 by weight. The water to cement ratio was set at 1.9, and the natural latex to cement ratio was established at 0.05. The compressive strength was tested at 7 and 14 days, while density, water absorption, and moisture content were evaluated at the 14 days. The results from the tests indicated an increase in compressive strength with the progression of the curing period. As the proportion of laterite soil increases, there is a tendency for the compressive strength, water absorption, and moisture content to diminish. Conversely, the density tends to increase. The suitable mixture ratio of cement: laterite: natural latex: water is found to be 1:7:0.05:1.9, which is viable for practical applications.

Investigation on fatigue fracture of turbocharger shaft in diesel engine

Kanok-on Rodjanakid — 2024-09-04

The purpose of this research is to determine the cause of the failure of the turbocharger shaft in a diesel engine that has been in use for 100,000 Km. The turbocharger shaft is made from AISI 4140 hardened medium alloyed steel. The experiment has been determined in many ways; Visual inspection of the crack surface and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microstructural analysis of materials with an optical emission spectrometer and optical microscopy (OM), mechanical properties testing with a hardness tester. The summary result of fracture surface of this turbocharger shaft was cause by fatigue and that fatigue was the dominant mechanism of turbocharger shaft failure due to obvious beach marks and fatigue striations which these results indicate that the fracture mode of the outer surface is brittle fracture. The central region of the crack of the shaft was found to be dimples, this type of crack is an indicator of shear failure in the ductile fracture mode. An abnormality was found in the results of the hardness test at the crack area. The surface hardness value was 334 HV and the maximum hardness value at the core of the shaft was 365 HV. In general, the surface hardness value of the shaft must be equal greater than the central axis of the shaft. Finally, microscopic examination reveals that the microstructure of the turbocharger shaft surface consisted of a layer of martensite that was formed by extrusion.

Development of A Vibration Measurement by Vision-Based Sensors Technology for Testing Laboratory

Worawut Kunghun — 2024-09-04

The vibration measurement technology, currently in high demand, utilizes measuring instruments or sensors.
This advanced technology provides high accuracy and is well-suited for applications requiring precise vibration measurements. In engineering, certain types of vibration measurement tasks may not necessarily demand high precision, such as measuring vibrations in structures or other systems with high safety margins. Utilizing sensor fusion technology for vibration measurements is an effective alternative that reduces the need for various resources. In this research,
the development of vibration measurement technology using sensor fusion was studied and compared with accelerometer-based measurement devices in laboratory testing and motor testing at 1,010 ± 15 revolutions per minute for controlled vibration generation. Various masses were added to the motor with a disc, namely 6.735 kg
(0 g), 7.135 kg (400 g), 7.535 kg (800 g), 7.935 kg (1,200 g), 8.335 kg (1,600 g), and 8.735 kg (2,000 g). Each test was conducted 30 times. The experimental results indicated that the natural frequency ranged from 5.12 to 5.27 Hertz. The maximum percentage deviation between sensor fusion and accelerometer-based measurement devices was 1.68%, 1.65%, 1.74%, 1.98%, 2.14%, and 1.52%, respectively. Furthermore, from the vibration measurement test using the sensor fusion system compared with the accelerometer-based measurement device, the maximum acceptable percentage deviation was found to be within 5%.

Measuring local gravity with end-supported rod pendulums

Bancha Kongtragool — 2024-09-04

In this paper, we present the results of local gravity measurements obtained using end-supported rod pendulums as gravimeters. Results from this study indicated that, by 12 trials of timing of 100 oscillation cycles of the rod pendulums oscillation with the initial angular amplitude less than 2°, the experimental local gravity obtained from the end-supported rod pendulum was 9.78 ± 0.02 m/s² with 0.03% error compared with the calculated value, 9.7847 m/s².

Economic value of distribution network reconfiguration connected with seasonal biomass-based distributed generator

Komson Daroj — 2024-09-04

This paper proposed the benefits of reducing real power loss of a 22 kV distribution system connected with a Distributed Generator of a sugar cane factory, which used bagasse as fuel, by using the Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR). The proposed DNR is performed separately between the seasonal and off-seasonal of producing sugar using knowledge based of the experts. The substation in the north-eastern region area 2 of the Provincial Electricity of Authority (PEA) is used as a test system. In addition, the hourly load model is synthesized from the substation’s record data between the seasonal and off-seasonal of producing sugar. The obtained results showed that the economic value of reconfiguring obtained from using the installed tie switches has more significant benefits than improving the distribution network. Additionally, the reduced losses are closed but investment is significant lower. The proposed methodology is more important under the increasing of seasonal biomass-based DG in the future.

Designing suitable tools for door and window production using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)

Sutthida Karawek — 2024-09-04

This research aims to create tools to enhance the efficiency of door and window production. The research began by examining the current situation, analyzing weaknesses, and identifying the impact. The findings were then used to create a pareto chart to prioritize the issues. The identified problem in the production process, with an average of 97 pieces per day for assembly and 120 pieces per day for cutting, resulted in a daily loss value of 2,500 baht. The main cause of the problem was found to be the lack of gripping tools in the production process and an inappropriate wood arrangement environment. To analyze the root cause of the problem, a fishbone diagram was used. The main causes identified were the absence of gripping tools in the production process and an unsuitable wood arrangement environment. Consequently, an action plan was devised, including the creation of gripping tools and training on quality and work standards. After the improvements, the tested equipment met all criteria, such as hardness, mobility, suitability, and surface contact with the workpiece. The overall satisfaction of employees with the use of gripping tools was significantly high. The production time for doors decreased by 23.19%, and the production time for windows decreased by 19.47%. Issues related to workpiece arrangement decreased by 66%, while issues related to cutting distance decreased by 33%. Inefficiencies in the assembly process decreased by 75%, resulting in a 100% reduction in the daily loss value from the production of doors and windows.

Human pose recognition for improving K-Pop cover dance

Ruetinan Hanprasopwat — 2024-09-04

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions affected various social activities, including K-pop cover dance learning. Consequently, K-pop cover dance classes shifted to online platforms, causing diminished effectiveness for learners. This challenge is exacerbated by the need for precise synchronization of body movements with specific music in K-pop cover dances. Online classes introduce additional obstacles as trainers struggle to provide accurate guidance. This study addresses this issue by leveraging human pose estimation and developing a system for enhancing online K-pop cover dance learning. The system detects and analyzes similarities between the movements of original and cover dancers, offering improvement suggestions and providing a cumulative score for the entire song. The exploration of dance with angular variations reveals consistently high similarity scores (ranging from 99.5 to 100.0 percent) throughout the video duration (1.16 minutes, processed by the computer). Despite scenarios involving videos of the original and cover dancers performing the same dance, or videos of the original dancer and a cover dancer with different individuals dancing to the same song, both scenarios maintain a significantly similar dance pattern. The dance scores consistently start at 22 percent, exhibiting an increasing trend up to 74.4 percent from the beginning to the end, demonstrating the system's effectiveness in supporting online K-pop cover dance learning.

CAD / CAE integration and Tagushi method in finding parameters Injection molding of polypropylene plastic in 2 cavities plastic injection molds Plastic case study pencil box

Patchara Kanjanakarn — 2024-09-04

An application of software simulation in flow of molten plastic for problem-solving in injection molding could reduce setup times and testing costs. However, the levels of factors have not been assigned for the best parameters. The tools of design of experiments (DOE) were used as applications with software simulations for simulating the flow of molten plastic. The results would show the real factors that affect to the defect in injected parts. This research used a software package for simulating the flow of molten plastic integrated design of experiment using Taguchi method. These methods were used for solve the defect of injected part, such as incomplete filling simulation of two mold cavities. The optimized injection parameters were used melt temperature, mold temperature, fill time and adjusting the injection gate size . Cause the complete filling part. The difference in filling time between two mold cavities decreases from 0.2953 seconds to 0.1332 seconds. The workpiece is complete. Previously, the area at the end of the pencil box lid was not completely injected.

Failure Analysis of the Counter Shaft in the Pickup Truck

Visanu Boonmag — 2024-09-04

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อหาสาเหตุความเสียหายของเพลารองในรถปิกอัพที่มีกำลังขับ 144 Hp. มีการใช้งานมา 8 ปี โดยวัสดุเพลาคือเหล็กกล้าผสมต่ำที่ผ่านการชุบแข็ง JIS-SCM 420 การวิเคราะห์ความเสียหายใช้เทคนิค 5 วิธีดังต่อไปนี้ 1) การตรวจสอบส่วนผสมทางเคมี 2) การทดสอบความแข็ง 3) การวิเคราะห์โครงสร้างจุลภาคด้วยด้วยกล้องจุลทรรศน์แบบแสง (OM) 4) การตรวจสอบลักษณะของรอยแตกด้วยกล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบส่องกราด (SEM) และ 5) การวิเคราะห์ความเค้นด้วยการจำลองเชิงตัวเลข ผลสรุปพื้นผิวการแตกหักของเพลานี้เกิดจากความล้า และความล้านั้นเป็นกลไกสำคัญของการแตกหักของเพลาเนื่องจากตรวจพบรอยชายหาด (Beach marks) ที่มองเห็นได้ชัด ขอบเขตเส้นแบ่งระหว่างระนาบความเสียหาย (Ratchet mark) และ เส้นริ้วรอยจากการล้า (Fatigue striations) ซึ่งผลลัพธ์เหล่านี้บ่งชี้ว่าโหมดการแตกหักที่ผิวของผิวนอกเพลานั้นเป็นการแตกหักแบบเปราะ บริเวณผิวของเพลามีโครงสร้างจุลภาคแบบเทมเปอร์มาร์เทนไซต์ และแกนกลางเพลามีโครงสร้างจุลภาคแบบเบนไนต์ช่วงบน ค่าความแข็งของเพลารองที่มีการวัดทั้ง 2 เส้น โดยเส้นที่ 1 วัดค่าความแข็งใกล้กับพื้นที่บริเวณรอยแตก เส้นที่ 2 วัดค่าความแข็งพื้นที่บริเวณเพลาที่ไม่มีการแตกหัก ค่าความแข็งสูงสุดที่ผิวของเพลาใกล้บริเวณรอยแตกมีค่าต่ำกว่าความแข็งบริเวณผิวเพลาที่ไม่มีรอยแตกถึง 160 HV ซึ่งมีความผิดปกติบริเวณใกล้รอยแตกนี้ การวิเคราะห์ความเค้นด้วยสมการของ Goodman และ การวิเคราะห์ด้วยวิธีการไฟไนต์เอลิเม็นต์โดยใช้ค่าของแรงบิดเท่ากับ 356 Nm ผลของการวิเคราะห์สรุปได้ว่าความเค้นสูงสุดที่ได้จากการคำนวณเท่ากับ 1283 MPa และ ผลจากการจำลองเชิงตัวเลขด้วยแรงบิดสูงสุดได้ค่า Maximum equivalent von Mises stress เท่ากับ 1302.5 MPa ผลลัพธ์มีความแตกต่างกันไม่เกิน 2% ทำให้มั่นใจในการใช้งานโปรแกรมว่ามีค่าไม่แตกต่างกันมากเกินไป นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าความเค้นสูงสุดที่ได้จากการคำนวณมีค่ามากกว่า Yield strength 3.5 เท่า เมื่อความเค้นสูงสุดมีค่ามากกว่าค่า Yield strength ที่วัสดุจะรองรับได้ก็เป็นสาเหตุที่ทำให้เพลารองเกิดการแตกหักได้

Assessment of Significant Wave Heights in Thailand using ECMWF and NCEP Wind Data

Thammasorn Kaewsai-nguan — 2024-09-04

Thailand’s electricity production is facing a series of challenges, including import of fossil fuels, use of limited resources and increased demand for electricity. These things have an impact on the environment. to manage these problems Choosing to use renewable energy is one interesting option. Especially wave energy, which is a renewable energy source created by harnessing the kinetic energy of ocean waves. It is considered a renewable energy that has the potential to produce a large amount of electricity. This study is based on a comprehensive review of oceanographic data, such as significant wave height, wave periods and directions and the topography of the coastline. This study used a numerical model called Simulated Nearshore Waves (SWAN) to simulate wave propagation and evaluate the energy potential of waves. Using seabed data from the GEBCO dataset and wind data from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Environmental Forecasting Center (NCEP). However, the objective of this study is to compare the significant wave height data calculated from the SWAN model with the measurement data from the Jason satellite and to determine which wind data sources are suitable for analyzing the wave energy potential in the Thai sea. By calibrating data from all three monsoon seasons in 2009 and after Tropical Storm Babuk in 2019, the model was checked through calculations. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is used to evaluate the accuracy of the model and evaluate the performance of the SWAN model using the Scatter Index (SI). From the study it was found that the calculations obtained from the ECMWF wind data provide better results than the calculations from the NCEP wind data due to the higher spatial and temporal resolution. The results of this study provide preliminary information for considering the assessment of wave energy potential in the Thai sea.

Time series forecasting for diesel oil consumption in Thailand

Chalermchat Theeraviriya — 2024-09-04

The objective of this research is to study and compare methods for forecasting the consumption of diesel oil in Thailand using 6 time series forecasting methods. These methods include the moving average method, trend analysis method, exponential smoothing method, double exponential smoothing method, Winter's exponential smoothing method, and decomposition method. The study begins with collecting historical data on diesel oil consumption in Thailand and then dividing the data into two datasets. The first dataset consists of 60 data points used for studying and comparing the best forecasting methods. This is done by considering the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), and Mean Squared Deviation (MSD). The best method is then analyzed using the second dataset, which contains 15 data points, to find the most suitable forecast horizon. The study found that the Winter's exponential smoothing method had the highest accuracy in forecasting, with a MAPE value of 3.04, MAD of 60.22, and MSD of 6,057.25. It was also suitable for forecasting 3 months ahead. Additionally, the forecasted consumption of diesel oil using the Winter's exponential smoothing method was consistent with the predictions of the Department of Energy Business, Ministry of Energy. Therefore, it can be concluded that this forecasting method is reliable and can be used for energy management planning.