Farm Engineering and Automation Technology Journal

The Study on Biomass Production from Hyacinths Mixed with Mangosteen Peel

Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of producing biomass from water hyacinth is to study its physical characteristics, thermal properties, and economic worthiness if used in business from hyacinths mixed with mangosteen peel. In the production process, the diameter is 4 mm, and the length of the biomass sticks is between 10-50 mm. In the production of biomass from water hyacinth, there are two formulas: the formula without mixed mangosteen charcoal powder and the formula with mixed mangosteen charcoal powder. The mixing ratio is 1:4. From the calorific value test, it was found that the dried biomass without mixed charcoal powder provided the highest calorific value of 5,102.21 cal/g. From the strength test, the dried biomass without mixed charcoal powder had the highest strength, which was 10 kg/cm². The ignition time test of the dried biomass mixed with charcoal powder showed the longest ignition time, which was 53.47 minutes. The ignition temperature test of the dried biomass without mixed charcoal powder had the highest value, which was 99 degrees Celsius. From the ash content analysis, the dried biomass without mixed charcoal powder had the lowest ash content, which was 5.23%. The economic feasibility analysis indicated that the payback period was 5 years, 7 months, and 20 days.

Semi Automatic Hydraulics Durian Peeling Machine

Krisorn Ruaypom, Boonyarid Buarabut, Manasanan Bunpalwong — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Semi-Automatic Hydraulic Durian Peeler Test The purpose is to test the capabilities of the machine and its economic value. The results of the test of 30 Golden Pillow durian species weighing between 2.5 and 6 kilograms with a circumference of 50–70 centimeters showed that peeling the raw Golden Pillow durian took an average of 18.68 seconds, the Golden Pillow durian ajar (almost ripe) took an average time of 18.34 seconds, and the ripe Golden Pillow durian took an average time of 18.45 seconds. The average time to peel the Golden Pillow durian raw was 189.47 balls per hour. The average ability to peel the golden pillow durian with leeches in an ajar (almost ripe) was 173.66 balls per hour, and the average ability to peel the golden pillow durian with ripe fruit was 195.12 balls per hour. Physical characteristics show that ripe durian peeling can be peeled well and is most suitable for the peeler. The payback period of the machine is 1.6 inches, and the break-even point is 79.6 hours per year.

An Automatic Egg Collection System Using a Robotic Arm Controlled by Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Free-Range Chicken Farming

Apiwat Boonkong, Umaporn Phiwchomphoo1, Jindarat Pikulsri — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research presents the use of a robotic arm system for collecting chicken eggs, with motor control and motion planning based on machine learning techniques. A 3D camera is integrated to enable automatic egg localization using a deep learning method (YOLOv5s). The overall framework simulates egg collection in a free-range chicken farming environment, where nests are specifically prepared for hens to lay eggs. This work lays the foundation for future development of mobile robots capable of navigating various environments to collect eggs. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of machine learning (FFNN) in controlling the robotic arm for egg picking and evaluates the accuracy of egg localization using the deep learning model. Challenges encountered during egg-picking experiments are also discussed. Based on experiments with varying numbers of hidden nodes in the machine learning model, the robotic arm achieved egg-picking accuracy between 75% and 90%.

Finite Element Simulation of Acting Forces and Deformation of Beating Blades in Banana Pseudostem Fiber Extraction Machines

Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to investigate the stress and deformation behavior of banana fiber extraction machine blades using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Three blade configurations—5-blade, 13-blade, and 32-blade designs—were analyzed and compared in terms of Von Mises stress, deformation, safety factors, and fatigue life. The results indicate that the 5-blade configuration exhibited the lowest stress value of 6.4 MPa and the highest safety factors (Goodman = 12.87, Soderberg = 12.42, and general FoS = 4.69), along with an exceptionally long fatigue life estimated at 2.80 × 10²¹ cycles. While the 13-blade and 32-blade configurations experienced higher stress levels, they demonstrated better load distribution and less deformation. All blade designs operated within the elastic range of the material. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing blade design to enhance structural integrity, safety, and operational performance of banana fiber extraction machines.

Design of programmable logic controller for controlling automation system of robot and pneumatic sorter

Piyawat Sritram, Thanawat Laplea, Phea Run Chhorn, Tossaporl Chamsai — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This paper presents the application of Programmable Logic Controller to control pneumatic systems in automatic sorting. In this sorting machine, a fiber optic sensor detects the material color, and an inductive proximity sensor detects the metal target. Materials are available in three colors: silver (aluminum), yellow (light yellow superlene), and black (opaque black superlene), and the Reed Switch detects the position of the cylinder. The sensor operation sends an input signal to the PLC for processing according to the program set on the machine and then outputs conditional signals to control the control signal and the pneumatic directional valve to automatically control the operation of the pneumatic device. The results of functional testing will show that the machine can separate colors and store materials properly under specified conditions. The machine starts working at 4.0 bar air pressure, the average total working time per piece is 25.2 seconds, and the maximum air pressure is 7.0 bar, the average total working time per piece is 18.19 seconds, it can work 100 percent accurately without any errors. This research can be applied to create robots or automatic animal housing systems in farms.

Study on the Thermal Properties of Charcoal Briquettes from Durian Peel 5 Species

Boonyarid Buarabut, Krisorn Ruaypom, Akkapong Sathavarinthu, Surapong Sothong — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to study of the properties of charcoal briquettes from durian shells. 5 varieties with semi-automatic biomass briquettes at 290 rpm, which is the best briquetting speed. The briquetting capacity is 84.7 kg h^-1 or about 692 kg day^-1. The physical characteristics of the charcoal rod are 5 cm wide, 10 cm long, 1 cm hollow hole, with a calorific value between 5,117-5,656 cal g^-1 by the Chanee durian shell varieties, which provides a maximum calorific value of 5,656 cal g^-1 for Moisture content, Volatile matter, Ash content, and Fixed carbon. In accordance with the MPA 238/2004 standard. And the boiling test can make a volume of 1,000 ml of water with a maximum temperature of 91 degrees Celsius. During the period of 26-34 minutes, the payback period of the machine is 105.14 days and the breakeven point is 210.60 h year^-1

Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Margosa (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Extract for Sustainable Agricultural Nanotechnology

สุทธิรักษ์ ไพโรจน์, Bundit Boonkhao — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study presents a sustainable method for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (Margosa), serving as natural reducing and capping agents. The green synthesis approach aligns with environmentally conscious practices by eliminating harmful chemicals and minimizing toxic byproducts. The physicochemical characteristics of the ZnO NPs were thoroughly investigated using established analytical techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy identified a distinct absorption peak at 363 nm, and the direct band-gap energy was calculated as 3.4 eV. FTIR analysis confirmed the involvement of biomolecules, such as proteins, aromatic compounds, and alcohols, in the reduction and stabilization processes. SEM imaging revealed the formation of agglomerated nanoparticles, while EDX confirmed the elemental composition of zinc and oxygen. DLS measurements estimated the average particle size to be approximately 47.2 nm. The results support the viability of using agricultural plant-based materials for the eco-friendly and cost-efficient production of metal oxide nanoparticles, contributing to advancements in green nanotechnology within agricultural and farm engineering applications.