Development of Maximum Capacity Cation Exchange Resin in Polyvalent Form for Water Softening Process
Keywords:
Bed Volumes (BV), Resin, Equivalent/Liter (eq/L), Hard water, Ion ExchangeAbstract
The objective of this research aimed to develop environmental friendly with maximum capacity of cation exchange resin, operated in polyvalent form for water softening process. The comparison efficiency of regenerants by using NaCl, HCl, FeCl36H2O were investigated. The result found that at 100% of calcium recovery, 9.5X of H+, 3.8X of Na+, and 1.5X of Fe3+ were used to regenerate exhausted resins. According to the resin selectivity, the polyvalent Fe3+ can be effectively used as regenerants compared to monovalent Na+ or H+. The comparison efficiency of hardness removal by using resin polyvalent form (Al-form, Fe-form, Zr-form) found that resin polyvalent form can remove hardness at approximately 420-510 bed volumes corresponding to the maximum exchange capacity. The traditional Na+-form requires 2.14X resin to achieve 1.6 eq/L ion exchange capacity, while Fe3+-form, Al3+-form and Zr4+-form require only 1.5X to achieve 1.8, 1.68, 2.04 eq/L ion exchange capacity, respectively. The results suggested that the resin in a polyvalent form is suitable for water softening system.
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