Optimization of Lignin Degradation to Phenol Using Wet Oxidation Under Mild Condition
Keywords:
lignin, wet oxidation, phenolAbstract
The optimal condition for a lignin degradation to phenol using wet oxidation reaction was evaluated using response surface methodology with a set of experiment designed by Box-Behnken method. The concentration of produced phenol was set as the response and the effects of three operating parameters; the reaction temperature (140-180ºC), the sodium hydroxide concentration (4-20 g/l), and the initial of air pressure (2-8 bar), on phenol production were studies. The experimental data was fit well with a quadratic equation with high accuracy (R2 =97.33%). It has been found that all three factors interacts to each other. An increase of pressure yielded the high concentrations of acid compounds and less produced phenol in the products, however, the increase of sodium hydroxide gave the higher concentration of produced phenol. The high concentration of sodium hydroxide may catalyze the degradation of ether bonds but may not dispatch an aromatic ring. In case of the effect of the reaction temperatures, the results showed that the low temperature gave high formation of aromatic aldehydes, however the high temperature might cause the further oxidation of produced phenol to form other products. From the response surface methodology, the optimal condition for degradation of lignin to phenol was predicted at the reaction temperature of 163 °C, the amount of sodium hydroxide of 15.4 g/l, and the initial air pressure of 2 bar that could be claimed as mild condition. The average phenol concentration yielded under that condition was 23.4 ± 1 mg/l. Thus, this mild condition can be used for developing the phenol production process.
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