KKU Research Journal (Graduate Studies)

Editorial Note

Professor.Dr.Wittaya Ngeontae — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

วารสารวิจัย มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น (ฉบับบัณฑิตศึกษา) ปีที่ 25 ฉบับที่ 4 ประจำเดือนตุลาคม–ธันวาคม 2568 ฉบับนี้ ประกอบด้วยบทความวิจัย จำนวน 15 เรื่อง ครอบคลุมหลากหลายสาขาวิชา ได้แก่ วิศวกรรมศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยีการก่อสร้าง วิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ สาธารณสุขศาสตร์ และการบริหารจัดการองค์กร ซึ่งสะท้อนถึงการพัฒนาองค์ความรู้เชิงวิชาการและการประยุกต์ใช้เพื่อแก้ไขปัญหาในบริบทของสังคมและประเทศ

บทความในฉบับนี้นำเสนอประเด็นที่สำคัญ อาทิ การเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพกระบวนการผลิตและระบบโลจิสติกส์ การประยุกต์ใช้เทคโนโลยีในการบริหารจัดการงานก่อสร้างและการพัฒนาโครงสร้างพื้นฐานอย่างยั่งยืน การพัฒนานวัตกรรมด้านวิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ รวมถึงการศึกษาปัจจัยด้านอาชีวอนามัย การบริหารจัดการองค์กร และการพัฒนาศักยภาพบุคลากรด้านสาธารณสุข ซึ่งล้วนมีความสำคัญต่อการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตและระบบบริการสุขภาพของประเทศ

กองบรรณาธิการหวังเป็นอย่างยิ่งว่า บทความวิจัยในวารสารฉบับนี้จะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อผู้อ่าน นักวิชาการ และผู้ปฏิบัติงานในสาขาที่เกี่ยวข้อง เพื่อนำไปประยุกต์ใช้และต่อยอดองค์ความรู้ในอนาคต

กองบรรณาธิการขอขอบคุณผู้เขียนบทความ ผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิพิจารณาบทความ และผู้ที่มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องทุกท่าน ที่มีส่วนสำคัญในการพัฒนาคุณภาพของวารสารให้มีมาตรฐานทางวิชาการอย่างต่อเนื่อง

วารสารฯ ยินดีต้อนรับผลงานวิจัย และบทความวิชาการจากทุกท่าน เพื่อร่วมเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการขับเคลื่อนองค์ความรู้ในสาขาวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี ให้เติบโตอย่างมั่นคงและยั่งยืน ผู้สนใจสามารถศึกษารายละเอียดเพิ่มเติม และส่งบทความเพื่อพิจารณาตีพิมพ์ได้ทางระบบออนไลน์ของวารสาร ที่เว็บไซต์ https://journal.gs.kku.ac.th/gs และ https://www.tci-thaijo.org/ index.php/gskku/user/register

Joint Determination of Preventive Maintenance and Buffer Stock with Sudden Obsolescence and Machine Breakdowns

Sakdikarn Pimpimool, Krittipat Chuenphitthayavut, Thanawath Niyamosoth — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In this work, a production unit subject to random breakdowns and periodic preventive maintenance (PM) is investigated. This production unit is used to produce input for the subsequent production stage. To ensure that the subsequent production stage has sufficient input, a certain amount of buffer amount of buffer stock is produced for use during breakdowns and PM. However, due to the rapid change of technology today, producing excessive buffer stocks increases the risk that those buffer stocks will suddenly become obsolete incurring obsolescence cost to the firm. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a mathematical model to determine the optimal PM period and the optimal size of buffer stock minimizing the total expected cost during the product lifetime. This cost includes inventory-related cost, maintenance cost, and obsolescence cost.

The Calculation of the Number of Forklift Trucks in a Warehouse Using Queueing Theory

Phiraphat Kaewpila, Krittipat Chuenphitthayavut, Thanawath Niyamosoth — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research applies queuing theory to develop a mathematical model for determining the optimal number of forklifts in a warehouse. The case study is the inbound side of a beverage company in northeastern Thailand. The objective is to minimize the total cost per day, consisting of service cost and waiting cost. The analysis reveals that the appropriate queuing model is M/M/k. Additionally, the developed objective function is a convex function, where the global minimum can be obtained through numerical simulation.

Comparison of the Performance of Imaging Equipment Based on the Accuracy of 3D Point Cloud Model for Construction Progress Evaluation

Suchanard Charoenchad, Korb Srinavin, Wuttipong Kusonkhum — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research uses experimental research to study a construction progress evaluation using 3D point cloud modeling technology. This is because inspection and control of construction work is an important step to achieve quality work that meets the planned project objectives. The researcher is therefore aware of the importance of evaluating construction progress and studying the application of 3D point cloud modeling technology as well. This research study has the objective to compare the performance of imaging equipment used to collect data, including mirrorless cameras, mobile phone cameras and tablet cameras. This research collected photographic data of box-shaped objects and then processed them into a 3D point cloud model. and compare the dimensions of the three-dimensional point cloud model, including width, length, height, area and volume with the actual object dimensions obtained from the measurements. As a preliminary experiment, a comparison between the size of real objects and the size of 3D object models created from point clouds was performed. In conclusion, the results of finding the error value of the three-dimensional modeling experiment of the box when comparing the distance, area, and volume of FUJIFILM X-A2 camera, iPhone 11 Pro Max mobile phone camera, and iPad 8th generation tablet camera were not more than ±1.0 percent, which the error value is within the acceptable accuracy criteria for evaluating the work progress.

Guidelines for the Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Infrastructure Construction: A Case Study of the High-Speed Rail Tunnel Construction Project, Khlong Phai Section, Bangkok–Nakhon Ratchasima Route (Phase 1)

Kitsakorn Srichanchai, Itthipat Lumlerdvoravith, Preenithi Aksorn — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The construction of high-speed rail systems represents a new and large-scale infrastructure initiative in Thailand, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts. However, there is a lack of specialized research on carbon dioxide (CO ₂) emissions from construction activities, particularly for tunnel construction. This research aims to evaluate CO₂eq emissions throughout the construction phase of the Khlong Phai Tunnel, a major component of the High-Speed Rail Project, Phase 1: Bangkok–Nakhon Ratchasima. The assessment applies the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to estimate carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂eq) emissions, encompassing three key stages: material production, material transport, and construction. The results reveal that tunnel construction generates significantly higher CO₂eq emissions compared to other types of high-speed rail structures, primarily due to the complexity of excavation techniques and the substantial quantity of materials required. To ensure analytical precision, CO₂eq emissions were categorized into three main work types: excavation and blasting, structural works, and track works. The study found that the total CO₂eq emissions from the Khlong Phai Tunnel construction amounted to 125.49 million kilograms, with an average intensity of 30,609.17 kgCO₂eq per meter. Among these, structural works were identified as the largest emission source, accounting for 99.08 million kgCO₂eq or over 78 percent of the total, followed by excavation and blasting (13.45 million kgCO₂eq) and track works (12.95 million kgCO₂eq). These findings underscore the critical importance of prioritizing emission reduction strategies and technological improvements in material production and utilization within the structural phase. The outcomes of this study provide a valuable foundation for setting carbon reduction targets and formulating effective environmental management strategies for future complex infrastructure projects in Thailand.

The Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) to Manage in Medium-Sized Building Construction Projects

Nathathai Taluwan, Preenithi Aksorn — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Building Information Modeling (BIM) enhances efficiency in the design, planning, and management of construction projects. However, the implementation of BIM in medium-sized building projects still faces limitations related to budget constraints, software costs, and personnel readiness. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the successful implementation of BIM by collecting data from 450 engineers and architects and analyzing them using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The results identified eight key success factors, and the model explained 66.424% of the total variance. The findings suggest that successful BIM implementation relies on the integration of technological, managerial, and organizational readiness factors, providing guidance for enhancing the efficiency of project management in medium-sized building construction projects.

Evaluation of Thermal Insulation Effect on Thermal Bridges at Precast Concrete Wall Junctions in Residential Buildings

Sirun Hongyot, Withaya Puangsombut, Jirasak Pukdum — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The study aims to compare the linear thermal transmittance of precast concrete wall connection in residential buildings, both insulated and non-insulated conditions, using Physibel-SOLIDO in accordance with ISO 10211. The insulation case decreased linear thermal transmittance by 9.46% and total heat transfer reduction by 4.76%. Furthermore, insulation reduced heat accumulation at connection and stabilized interior temperature, significantly enhancing energy efficiency for buildings in tropical regions.

Development of the Dip Quick Wright-Giemsa Staining Methods for Improving Simplicity and Reducing Cost in Malaria Diagnosis

Wimol Pararach, Audomsak Churat, Rachadaporn Benchawattananon — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Microscopy continues to be the benchmark for malaria diagnosis, however, the method seems not only complicate, but also time- and cost-consuming. This study presents the modified Wright-Giemsa staining technique by employing hospital tap water instead a commercial buffer, together with dip quick procedure. Comparative evaluation by 28 medical technicians of Loei Hospital, Thailand, for examining of 48,885 cases indicated more potential than the normally used method in malaria diagnosis and also other hematological identifications of blood cell types, such as red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets. The developing dip quick method preserved time saving for 5 minutes per sample and 50% decrease of expenses, which were significant for applying as potentially alternative choice in urgent diagnostic situations wilderness areas.

Quality Control of Jatropha Podagrica Ethanolic Extract and Stability Testing Under Accelerated Conditions

Reawfang Sriyom, Arunporn Itharat, Onmanee Prajuabjinda — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Jatropha podagrica Hook has been used for treating skin cancer and wound healing for a long time. However, there is currently a lack of scientific reports on stability testing and quality control. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the quality control of plants and stability under accelerated conditions. Quality control, including loss on drying, extractive values, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and heavy metals of raw materials, was evaluated as specified in the Thai Herbal pharmacopoeia. The stem ethanolic extract (SME) was tested for stability by being kept for 180 days at 40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. The survival of amelanotic melanoma (C32 cell line) using Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay was assessed for cytotoxic activity. Fraxetin and tomentin were dominant compounds in J. podagrica, which were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that raw materials met the requirements of THP. In addition, SME was exposed to accelerated conditions for 6 months. The results indicated that after 120 days, fraxetin exhibited a decreasing trend, though not statistically significant compared to day 0, while tomentin remained relatively stable. In contrast, the IC₅₀ of SME increased significantly from day 0 (p < 0.01), suggesting reduced biological activity. These findings indicate that SME is not suitable for storage at room temperature for up to 2 years. Therefore, long-term stability studies are necessary to determine optimal storage conditions and prevent extract degradation.

Correlations of Physical Fatigue and Mental Workload with Eye Fatigue among Operating Room Nurses

Sirirat Watkhoksoong, Sunisa Chaiklieng — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study employed a cross-sectional analytic design to investigate visual fatigue, physical fatigue, and mental workload among operating room nurses. Data were collected using eye fatigue was measured by critical flicker fusion (CFF) test, Musculoskeletal Severity and Frequency questionnaire (MSFQ), Subjective Workload Index (SWI), Ergonomics risk assessment applied from Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), body joint angles were measured directly. The results revealed that 47.37% of the nurses experienced visual fatigue, regarding physical fatigue (MSFQ) the most commonly affected areas

were the shoulders and lower back (both at 34.21%), followed by the neck (23.68%) and upper back (21.05%), while 92.11% reported high mental workload levels. Ergonomics risk assessed by the REBA method showed that 44.74% In terms of body posture angles, the most critical risk were found in elbow extension (89.47 %), upper arm elevation (84.21%), and wrist deviation toward the thumb (71.05%). The analysis of associations revealed that nurses who reported more than four visual symptoms had a statistically significant relationship with visual fatigue (P-value=0.05). physical fatigue in the upper back was significantly associated with psychological workload (SWI) (P-value=0.02) These findings can be applied to inform ergonomic interventions and health risk prevention strategies for operating room nurses.

Relationship Between Working Hours, Workplace Environmental Conditions and Sick Building Syndrome Among Healthcare Workers in a Community Hospital

Chananya Panikhom, Sunisa Chaiklieng, Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This cross-sectional analytical study investigated the relationship between working hours, workplace environmental conditions, and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) among healthcare workers in a community hospital in Khon Kaen Province. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and indoor air quality measurements from 159 participants. The multiple logistic regression was used for correlation analysis to present the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The findings revealed that the majority of participants were female, aged 30-49 years (49.69%). A considerable proportion (42.14%) worked more than 8 hours per day, while 75.47% reported working overtime. The majority of workspaces were enclosed, air-conditioned, and served ≥10 persons per area. Most of the workspaces were closed rooms, air-conditioned, and densely occupied, with PM_2.5and PM₁₀ particulate matter levels exceeding standards. Significant factors associated with SBS were overtime work (ORadj= 4.71; 95%CI: 1.31-16.92) and perceived discomfort (ORadj = 4.09; 95%CI: 1.27-13.18). In conclusion, improving workplace ventilation, reducing indoor air pollutants, and allocating appropriate rest periods to minimize overtime and discomfort are recommended strategies to lower the risk of SBS among hospital workers.

The Mental Workload and Visual Fatigue among Freight Transport Drivers

Jaruwan Nanthawong, Sunisa Chaiklieng — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess visual fatigue and psychological workload stress among 41 freight drivers in Pathum Thani Province. Data were collected using a personal information questionnaire, work-related information questionnaire, and the Subjective Workload Index (SWI), along with visual fatigue assessment using a Lafayette 12021A Flicker Fusion monitor, measuring Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF) before starting work and after at least 3 hours of work. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that all drivers were male, with more than 10 years of driving experience (51.22%), and had high levels of psychological workload stress (SWI) (22.00%). The most common visual problem was... The most common symptom reported by truck drivers was eye irritation from sunlight or headlights (56.09%), followed by eye strain and blurred vision (51.22%). Eye strain measurements revealed that 43.90% of employees experienced eye strain based on their CFF (Continuous Flatness Assessment) after work. The majority (70.73%) reported an acceptable risk level for eye strain, followed by a group with a low risk (24.39%). The study found that truck drivers experience moderate to high levels of mental stress from their work and a relatively high proportion of eye strain. Therefore, continuous monitoring of their mental health and eye strain is recommended to prevent impacts on workplace safety, and the study should be expanded to include a larger group of employees.

Internal Factors of Organization and Soft Skills Affecting the Implementation of Hepatitis B Infection Prevention Among Healthcare Personnel at Sub-District Health Promoting Hospitals in Kalasin Province

Siwaporn Suwan, Nopparat Senahad — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study the internal factors of organization and soft skills affecting the implementation of hepatitis b infection prevention from 157 healthcare personnel at sub-district health promoting hospitals in Kalasin Province, Thailand. This study collected data using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with a significant level at 0.05. The results showed that the overall level of internal factors of organization and soft skills was high, with mean scores of 3.91 (S.D.=0.52)and 4.10 (S.D.=0.50), respectively. Five independent variables, including teamwork, organizational factors of operational systems, time management, organizational factors of organizational structure, and management style could predict the implementation of hepatitis b infection prevention among healthcare personnel at sub-district health promoting hospitals in Kalasin province, at 63.1 percentage (R²=0.631, p-value<0.001).

Leadership Soft Skills and Administrative Factors Affecting Infectious Waste Management of Health Personnel at Sub-District Health Promoting Hospitals Roi-Et Province

Anuwat Huanonghan, Prachak Bouphan, Surachai Phimha — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study the Leadership soft skills and administrative factors affecting infectious waste management of health personnel at sub-district health promoting hospitals Roi-Et province. Thailand. The study included 149 Health Personnel were randomly selected by systematic random sampling technique from a total population of 229. Research instruments consisted of questionnaires and in-depth interview guidelines with 12 participants. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, specifically Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, with statistical significance set at 0.05. The results revealed that the overall levels of leadership soft skills, administrative factors, and infectious waste management were high, with mean scores of 4.03 (S.D.=0.42), 4.14 (S.D.=0.46), and 4.27 (S.D.=0.45), respectively. The study found that three variables; administrative factors; time, leadership soft skills; self-development and administrative factors; materials affected and could jointly predict the infectious waste management of health personnel at sub-district health promoting hospitals Roi-Et province, Thailand. at 53.7% (R²=0.537, P-value<0.001).

Digital Literacy and Organizational Climate Affecting the Research Competencies of Professional Nurses at Community Hospitals in Udon Thani Province

Narakorn Sareelae, Prachak Bouphan, Surachai Phimha, Norraphat Noysuwan — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study the digital literacy and organizational climate affecting the research competencies of professional nurse at community hospitals in Udon Thani Province. The samples were 154 Professional Nurses at community hospitals in Udon Thani Province randomly selected by stratified random sampling technique by hospital from 161 populations. The sample size was calculated based on the formula for stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Data were collected by the questionnaire for the quantitative data and in-depth interview guidelines for the qualitative data gathering from 13 key informants. The questionnaire was examined and was verified by three experts for content validity using items objective congruence (IOC) with more than 0.50 for all items. The reliability of the questionnaire represented by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.98. Data analysis consisted of descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the levels of digital literacy, organizational climate, and the research competencies of professional nurse were at moderate to high level, respectively. Four variables consisted of digital literacy in digital skill, digital literacy in adaptive digital transformation, organizational climate in identity and organizational climate in support affected and could jointly predict the research competencies of professional nurse at community hospitals in Udon Thani province at 58.1 percent ((R²adj = 0.581, p-value < 0.001).

Professional Nurse Competencies and Learning Organization Affecting the Development of Quality Standards in Primary Care Network among Professional Nurses in Health Promoting Hospitals, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Suttipong Kosungnoen, Nopparat Senahad — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This cross-sectional analytical research aimed to study the professional nurse competencies and learning organization affecting the development of quality standards in primary care network. The study population consisted of 642 professional nurses in health promoting hospitals, Nakhon Ratchasima province. The sample size of 131 was calculated and selected through stratified random sampling. The researcher collected a total of 127 samples, representing 96.94 percent. Data were collected by the questionnaire for the quantitative data. The questionnaire was examined and was verified by three experts for content validity using items objective congruence (IOC) with more than 0.50 for all items. The reliability of the questionnaire represented by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.98. Data analysis consisted of descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the levels of professional nurse competencies, learning organization, and the development of quality standards in primary care network among professional nurses in health promoting hospitals were at high level. These Two independent variables consisted of learning organization in system thinking and professional nurse competencies in information technology affected and could jointly predict the quality standards in primary care network among professional nurses in health promoting hospitals, Nakhon Ratchasima province at 51.2 percent (R² = 0.512, p-value < 0.001).