SciTech Research Journal

Methyl Orange Dye Adsorption by Activated Carbon Prepared from Macadamia Shell Waste via Sodium Hydroxide Solution and Microwave Activation

2025-12-15T15:39:07+07:00

Methyl orange (MO) is a persistent azo dye that is difficult to degrade and poses significant adverse impacts on water quality and the environment. Meanwhile, macadamia shell is an abundant agricultural waste that remains largely underutilized. This study aimed to investigate the adsorption of methyl orange using activated carbon prepared from macadamia shell waste via sodium hydroxide–assisted microwave activation (MAC-MC) and to compare its performance with activated carbon produced by conventional pyrolysis (MAC-PC). The results demonstrated that NaOH activation combined with microwave heating at a power of 800 W for 15 min produced activated carbon with a highly porous surface, characterized by micron-sized pores uniformly distributed throughout the surface structure. SEM–EDS analysis revealed that MAC-MC contained 73.56% carbon and 23.60% oxygen, which were comparable to those of MAC-PC prepared by pyrolysis at 800 °C for 3 h, exhibiting carbon and oxygen contents of 81.09% and 16.60%, respectively. These findings highlight the effectiveness of microwave activation in enhancing carbon content within a significantly shorter processing time. FTIR analysis further indicated that the functional groups present in the raw macadamia shell markedly decreased after both microwave and thermal activation, confirming the increased carbon purity of the prepared activated carbons. Batch adsorption experiments conducted at pH 3 and 30 °C using 0.1 g of adsorbent in 100 mL of 300 mg L^-1 MO solution for 120 min showed that MAC-MC exhibited superior adsorption performance compared to MAC-PC, achieving a higher removal efficiency (≈81.97% versus 77.41%) and a greater equilibrium adsorption capacity (q_e ≈ 245.91 versus 232.24 mg g^-1). Adsorption isotherm analysis revealed that the Freundlich model provided the best fit, indicating a heterogeneous surface and multilayer adsorption behavior. The Dubinin–Radushkevich model yielded a mean adsorption energy of approximately 18.26 kJ mol^-1, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism involved ion exchange and chemisorption. Thermodynamic analysis showed a negative enthalpy change (DH = -17.58 kJ mol^-1), confirming that the adsorption process was exothermic, while negative Gibbs free energy values (DG < 0) at all studied temperatures indicated spontaneous adsorption, with improved favorability at lower temperatures. Overall, activated carbon prepared from macadamia shell waste via sodium hydroxide–assisted microwave activation represents an efficient and promising approach for upgrading agricultural waste into a high-performance adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater.

Development of a Manual for the Application of Digital Technology to Promote Participation through a Motivation-Building Process in Household Accounting.

2025-12-11T15:58:20+07:00

The objectives of this research were 1) to synthesize a model for applying digital technology to promote participation through a motivational process for household accounting and 2) to develop a manual for applying digital technology to promote participation through a motivational process for household accounting. The population consists of 9 experts for evaluating the appropriateness of the model and the manual for applying digital technology to promote participation through a motivational process for household accounting, selected by purposive sampling. The research tools are the manual for applying digital technology to promote participation through a motivational process for household accounting, the model appropriateness questionnaire, and the manual appropriateness questionnaire for applying digital technology to promote participation through a motivational process for household accounting. The statistics used are percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The research findings revealed that 1) the model for applying digital technology to promote participation through a motivational process for household accounting consisted of 3 components: (1) key policies and principles, (2) the application of digital technology for participatory household accounting, and (3) indicators, and the overall opinions of experts regarding its appropriateness were at the highest level ( =4.51, S.D.=0.60) and 2) the manual for applying digital technology to promote participation through a motivational process for household accounting consisted of a manual for the community, where the overall opinions of experts toward the manual were at the highest level ( =4.60, S.D.=0.39).

Development of a Classroom Database System for Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University Using Google Apps Script

2026-03-12T11:22:42+07:00

Background and Objectives: In the digital age, where information technology plays a crucial role in all sectors, higher education management needs to adapt to new changes and challenges. This research aims to 1) develop a ready-to-use classroom database system for Rajabhat Mahasarakham University using Google Apps Script and evaluate system efficiency, defining process efficiency (E1) as the percentage of success in function operations and outcome efficiency (E2) as the percentage of accuracy of results according to specified criteria (E1/E2 = 80/80); 2) study system quality in terms of accuracy, completeness, and speed of data access; and 3) study users' technology acceptance levels toward the system. Statistical methods used were mean and standard deviation.

Research Methodology: The sample group consisted of three groups: 1) Five staff members from the Office of Academic Promotion and Registration (purposive sampling), used for requirement analysis and system quality evaluation; 2) Nine faculty staff members (purposive sampling), used for requirement analysis and system efficiency evaluation; and 3) 233 teaching staff members (stratified random sampling), used for technology acceptance study.

Research Results: The researcher developed a ready-to-use classroom database system using Google Apps Script, comprising 9 main functions: classroom data management, classroom booking, duplicate booking detection, Google Calendar integration, email notification, reporting, and automatic data backup. The system features a user-friendly interface and supports operation on computers and mobile devices. System quality assessment revealed data accuracy of 99.57%, process efficiency (E1) of 97.60%, and outcome efficiency (E2) of 97.29%, exceeding the set 80/80 criteria. Technology acceptance analysis showed a high overall level of user acceptance (𝑥̅=4.35, S.D.=0.58). Perceived usefulness had the highest mean (𝑥̅=4.47, S.D.=0.51), followed by intention to use (𝑥̅=4.35, S.D.=0.58), attitude toward use (𝑥̅=4.34, S.D.=0.57), and perceived ease of use (𝑥̅=4.22, S.D.=0.66), respectively. Technology acceptance comparison classified by technology experience found a statistically significant difference at the .05 level, with those having less than 5 years of experience showing lower technology acceptance than those with more experience. Qualitative data analysis showed that users were satisfied with the system in terms of ease of use and benefits received, especially in reducing work steps and data accuracy. A key suggestion was to add a notification function via Line.

Conclusion: Rajabhat Mahasarakham University should announce a policy for personnel to use the ready-to-use classroom database system as the primary channel for booking and managing classrooms to ensure full utilization and maximum benefit. An order should be issued to appoint a system oversight committee to ensure continuous operation. Additionally, specialized training should be provided for personnel with less than 5 years of technology experience.

Development of a Vertical Water Meal Cultivation Monitoring System using IoT Technology

2026-03-11T14:19:22+07:00

The purposes of the research were 1) To study the vertical duckweed cultivation system using IoT technology for controlling and monitoring the growth results of Water Meal. 2) To study and develop an automatic cultivation control system via wireless sensors to increase duckweed production. and 3) Satisfaction questionnaire for testing the efficiency of the vertical duckweed cultivation system using IoT technology. By displaying various parameters that are factors in duckweed cultivation. The statistics used in the research were the mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistic. The research results found that ; 1) The results of the design and development of the vertical duckweed cultivation monitoring system using IoT technology found that it consists of three components : (1) Sensor (2) Node MCU and (3) IoT Cloud Platform which effectively displays the system's operation results via a wireless network according to the objective. 2) The study of the experimental results using the vertical duckweed cultivation monitoring system with IoT technology found that the results displayed were as follows : (1) Air Temperature and Relative Humidity the suitable temperature range is between 29 – 38 C^๐ and The suitable relative humidity range is between 55 – 75 (%RH). (2) pH Value (Acidity-Alkalinity) the suitable pH range is between 6 – 7.5 pH. (3) Water Temperature the suitable temperature range is between 26 – 32 C^๐ and (4) Light Intensity the light is opened continuously for 12 hours. The suitable light intensity range for duckweed is between 12,000 – 15,000 Lux. 3) The satisfaction questionnaire for testing the efficiency of the vertical duckweed cultivation system using IoT technology found that the overall user satisfaction with all aspects of the system was at the highest level (= 4.58, S.D.=0.55)

Machine Learning–Based Market Value Estimation System for High-Value Local Chickens

2026-03-26T10:43:04+07:00

This study aims to develop and evaluate a machine learning–based system for estimating the market value of high-value indigenous chickens to reduce subjectivity and errors associated with experience-based assessments. The dataset consists of key attributes, including breed characteristics, physical features, and market price ranges, which were subjected to data preprocessing and feature selection prior to model development. Model performance was evaluated using a 5-Fold Cross-Validation technique, with statistical metrics including Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score, together with error analysis to reflect quantitative prediction accuracy. The results indicate that the developed model can effectively classify price ranges and is suitable for practical implementation. The findings demonstrate the potential of applying artificial intelligence techniques in the valuation of specialized economic livestock and the development of decision support systems in the agricultural sector.

Content

2026-04-29T14:50:23+07:00

Content

Appendix

2026-04-29T14:51:33+07:00

Appendix