Progress in Applied Science and Technology

Optimization of Combined Microwave and Ultrasound Extractions of Cannabinoids Compounds from Cannabis indica L. (Blueberry Cultivar) Using Response Surface Methodology

Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Microwave and ultrasound are novel technologies that are widely used for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials. In this study, combined extraction techniques, microwave and ultrasound, were applied to extract cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), from Cannabis indica L. (Blueberry cultivar). Three independent variables including solid to liquid ratio (X1, A: 1:10-1:30 w/v), microwave extraction time (X2, B: 5-20 min), and ultrasound extraction time (X3, C: 10-30 min) were optimized using central composite design (CCD). The experimental data obtained was fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and additionally analyzed using appropriate statistical methods (analysis of variance, ANOVA). The optimum conditions were determined according to the solid to liquid ratio (X1, A) of 1:22 (w/v), microwave extraction time (X2, B) of 5 min and ultrasound extraction time (X3, C) of 14 min. Under these conditions, the experimental CBD and THC content was 0.298±0.001 mg/g dry weight and 91.35±0.35 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The experimentally-achieved values were in accordance with those estimated by the CCD model, suggesting the applicability of the utilized model and the favorable result of CCD’s application in the optimization of the combined microwave and ultrasound extraction.

Using IoT and Mobile Robots to Model and Analyze Work Processes with Process Mining Techniques

Wed, 07 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research explores the practical application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology using mobile robots to collect and store data from their surroundings, including personal information from wearables on cloud systems. It then employs process mining techniques to analyze these raw data. There are three main processes. These processes are 1) Understanding the fundamental concepts of IoT, developing mobile robots, and learning about process mining principles. 2) Creating a system for storing data or event logs generated by IoT devices and mobile robots. 3) Analyzing the collected data using process mining techniques. Through this method, we can learn in-depth about the activities of an individual user. Therefore, the proposed method is an extension of the IoT system for increasing the performance of decision support systems and automated decision systems in real-world applications. Furthermore, the research showcases how services, particularly robots, can be accessed through the Fuzzy Miner model. These methods have practical applications in real-world scenarios, such as human-robot collaboration, inventory management, service tracking, supply chain management, retail, logistics, healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and manufacturing.

Web-based Cooking Recipe Recommender System based on Stocked Groceries

Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Due to the severity of the recent PM 2.5 and COVID-19 pandemic situations, the work-from-home lifestyle has been widely adopted as a new normal. Consequently, it’s necessarily preferable to cook at home instead of dining out as usual. However, a common problem is that there are unplanned and overstocked grocery items which are usually unrecognized and improperly managed. To address this issue, the "What To Cook" web application was developed with the theoretical application of Term Frequency-Inverted Document Frequency (TF-IDF) calculations to search for recipes based on the stocked groceries and then applied Cosine Similarity to calculate the similarity between each recipe and the stocked grocery items. Users can input the list of own stocked grocery items into the application and then apply the content-based filtering system to recommend recipes that can utilize the stocked grocery items.

Additionally, the application supports the image capturing using Google Cloud Vision API. The application also stores the user's cooking history and saves the under interested recipes for future reference. After testing the application in real-world scenarios, it was found to be easy to use with satisfiable results.

Emergency Reporting System via Smartphone the Case Study of the Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT)

Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The major objective of this research project is to develop a smartphone-based emergency reporting system, the case study of the Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT). This was about to be the preliminary source for first aid instructions for major system users: students and paramedic staff (ambulance drivers and medical attendants). RMUTT’s students, faculties, and staff can not only report in case of any accidents or emergencies but also follow the system-provided first aid instructions. Paramedic staff can be reported to and can reply to the reporters. The development tools for websites and mobile applications are the Visual Studio Code with MySQL and phpMyAdmin as database engine.

The overall 16 system functional features were tested for accuracy, and all were 100% accurate, which means that the system was comprehensively developed where all system objectives were satisfied. The expert evaluation result was a GOOD level ( = 4.43) where the 0.48 in standard deviation (S.D. = 0.48) means no significance. System evaluation by major users (paramedic personnel) is in GOOD level ( = 4.24) where the where the 0.71 in standard deviation (S.D. = 0.71) implied the significance.

Some Matrices with Padovan Q-matrix and the Generalized Relations

Mongkol Tatong — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

In this paper, we establish a new -matrix for Padovan numbers and the multiplies between the -matrix and the -matrix. Moreover, we investigate the of , the of multiply the -matrix, and the of multiply the -matrix. Finally, we use these matrices to obtain elementary identities for Padovan, Perrin, and relations between numbers.

A Note on Coregular Elements in Certain Semigroups of Transformations

Jitsupa Srisawat, Yanisa Chaiya — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

For a non-empty set X, let P(X) represent the partial transformation semigroup on X. For a non-empty subset Y of X, define as the semigroup

Then is a generalization of P(X) , encompassing all partial transformations on that maintain Y as an invariant set. This paper delves into exploring the characterization of coregular elements within and applies the results to obtain a similar characterization in relevant semigroups.

Total Phenolic Compound and Antimicrobial Activity of Spirogyra spp.

Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Spirogyra spp. is widely distributed in freshwater habitats and is included in the category of natural resources whose significance and advantages have been researched. In this study, 6 samples of Spirogyra spp. were collected: Spirogyra ellipsospora Transeua from Bueng Kan province, Spirogyra sp.1 from Sakon Nakhon Province and S. neglecta (Hassall) Kützing, S. ellipsospora Transeua, Spirogyra sp.2, and Spirogyra sp.3 from Nakhon Phanom province. The highest value of total phenolic compound was measured at 18.53±0.23 mg GAE/mg in Spirogyra sp. 2. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of algal extracts against fungal Candida sp. and bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was performed by using the disk diffusion method along with determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The result of disk diffusion and MIC determination showed the efficiency of all extract samples against all tested strains at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The most effective algal extract against Candida sp. showed with the MFC’s ranged from 10 to 20 mg/mL, whereas MBC of all extracts destroyed the two tested bacterial strains ranged from 10 to 20 mg/mL within 24 hours and up to 30 mg/mL after 48 hours. The results of this study support that Spirogyra spp. contains bioactive compounds that are the basis for further application in cosmeceuticals.

A Portable Paper Strip Biosensor -based Smartphone for Detection of Glucose Content in Rice Samples

Siriwan Teepoo, Rattawan Yoohanngoh, Sompong Sansenya, Netnapit Kaewchuay — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

A paper strip biosensor was fabricated through the combination of horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in order to produce a pink color. The color intensity was measured with a smartphone for quantitative analysis. To achieve highest paper strip biosensor performance, the concentrations of glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, phenol, 4-aminoantypyrine, pH, and reaction time were studied. Under optimizations, the linear range of the glucose was 0.5-10 mM, and the detection limit was 0.17 mM. The detection of glucose was achieved within 7 min. The paper strip biosensor was successfully applied to the measurement of glucose in rice samples. The paper strip biosensor exhibits considerable promise as a portable instrument for the detection of glucose in rice and is also applicable to other types of samples. This research, nevertheless, necessitates controlled experimental conditions. Due to the fact that it impacts enzymatic activity.

Thermal Efficiency of Solar Dryers for Drying Longan and Heat Transfer Modeling

Jagrapan Piwsaoad — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Longan drying in Loei Province, Thailand. There were two types of dryers with capacity in 5,000 kgs and 10 kgs of type 1 and 2, respectively. The moisture content of longans inside and outside the dryer; type 1 decreased from 80.91% (w.b.) to 20.0%(w.b.), the moisture content of longan samples outside the dryer decreased to 40.0%(w.b.) within 5 days; type 2 decreased from 80.91%(w.b.) to 22.0%(w.b.), the moisture content of longan samples outside the dryer decreased to 45.0% (w.b.) within 5 days respectively. Heat transfer modeling results showed that the moisture content calculated from the model corresponding to the measured values the RMSE=0.5251, 0.4266 and =0.9655, 0.9745. The thermal efficiency of the dryer; type 1 has a thermal efficiency of 8.55%-25.27%; type 2 has a thermal efficiency of 4.42-26.11%.

Seismic Hazard Microzonation Map for the Central Plain of Thailand

Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

A study was conducted to investigate the seismic hazard microzonation of the central plain of Thailand, which is situated in an area with a thick quaternary basin. Unconsolidated sediments can lead to amplification of earthquake ground shaking at fundamental frequency and can cause a significant increase in damage to buildings. The research yielded significant results, including the development of a fundamental frequency map through the analysis of HVSR for 149 microtremor measurement sites. Subsequently, a Vs30 map was derived utilizing HVSR inversion techniques, and a soil classification map was constructed based on the NEHRP classification. The upper central plain along the Yom River and the Nan River had a low fundamental frequency of 0.3-0.5 Hz and low Vs30, which can be classified as soil type Class E. In the southern areas of Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, and central Bangkok, an extremely low Vs30 of less than 100 m/s was observed, indicating soil class F or special soft soil. A comprehensive investigation was conducted on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis by considering the Vs30 sites condition for PGA, SA0.2s, and SA1.0s with a 2475-year return period. The northern region of the upper central plain and the western side of the central basin exhibit relatively high seismic hazards. Furthermore, the site effect significantly amplifies ground motion at the 1.0 second period, surpassing the earthquake-resistant design standard for buildings in Thailand by more than 5 times, particularly in the central region of the lower central plain.

Comparative Evaluation on Enhancing Fuel Properties of Biocoal from Bagasse Using Hydrothermal Carbonization and Torrefaction Processes

Jarunee Khempila, pumin kongto — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research investigates the thermochemical conversion of sugarcane bagasse into biocoal using a subcritical aqueous medium (water, 200–250°C) and a limited oxygen atmosphere (nitrogen, 250–300°C). The aim is to discover alternative renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels. The effects of those different methods on the physiochemical properties of the solid product were determined. The best results of fixed carbon (37.13%), carbon content (62.17%), fuel ratio (0.61), and higher heating value (HHV) (25.75 MJ/kg) were obtained under hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at 250°C. Additionally, the HTC process effectively reduced the ash and sulphur content of the solid products. Moreover, HTC was found to be a promising method for depolymerizing hemicellulose. Hydrochar produced at 250°C is located within the range of lignite, which is typically obtained at lower reaction temperatures compared to biochar samples. Consequently, the conversion of sugarcane bagasse into solid biofuel through HTC shows great potential from a thermochemical perspective.