Development of Differential Amplifier Based the Second Generation Current Conveyors
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Published:
Apr 10, 2012
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Abstract
In this article, developments of Second Generation Current Conveyors (CCII) that are realized by based on the use of a differential amplifier (diff-amp) as a circuit building block are reviewed. The basic concepts of current conveyor are firstly outlined. One of the first CMOS-based promising techniques to implement CCII that proposed by Surakampontorn et al. is reviewed [9-11]. The applications of Surakampontorn’s CCII as basic circuit building blocks to realize analog circuits and systems and the modifications methods to provide multiple outputs CCIIs are outlined and discussed. Based on feedback mechanisms, diff-amp-based CCIIs that are designed by modified from the CCII are also outlined and discussed. In order to understand the improvement, the characteristics of the CCIIs that have been compared through simulation results by Hassanenin et al. [11] are presented. Finally, the concept of chemical current conveyor (CCCII) is also noted.
Article Details
How to Cite
Surakampontorn, W., & Kaewdang, K. (2012). Development of Differential Amplifier Based the Second Generation Current Conveyors. ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2012102.170345
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Electrical Power Systems
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References
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[5] E. Vidal, E. Alarcon, and B. Gilbert, “Up-to-Date Bibliography of Current-Mode Design," Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol.38, pp.245–262, 2004.
[6] S.S. Rajput, and S.S. Jamuar, “Advanced Applications of Current Conveyors: A Tutorial," Journal of Active and Passive Electronics Devices, vol. 2, no.2, pp. 143–164, 2007.
[7] K.C. Smith, and A. Sedra, “The Current Conveyor-A New Circuit Building Block," IEEE Proceedings, vol. 56, pp.1368–1369, 1968.
[8] A. Sedra, and K.C. Smith, “A Second-Generation Current Conveyor and its Applications," IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory, vol. CT-17, pp.132–134, 1970.
[9] W. Surakampontorn, V. Riewruja, K. Kumwachara, and K. Dejhan, “Accurate CMOSBased Current Conveyors," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 40, no. 4, pp.699–702, 1991.
[10] Ali M. Ismail and Ahmed M. Soliman, “CMOSCCII Realization Based on the Differential Amplifier: A Review," Frequenz, vol. 54, no.7-8, pp.182–194, 2000.
[11] W. S. Hassanein, I. A. Awad and A. M. Soliman, “Long tail pair based positive CMOS current conveyoir: A Review," Frequenz, vol. 59, no.7-8, pp.186–194, 2005.
[12] S. Pookaiyaudom, W. Surakampontorn, and T. Kuhanont, “Integrable electronically variable general-resistance converter -a versatile active circuit element," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS-25, no.6, pp.344–353, 1978.
[13] G. Di Cataldo, G. Ferri, and S. Pennisi, “Active Capacitance Multipliers Using Current Conveyors, " IEEE 1998 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS’98), pp.II-343–346, 1998.
[14] C.A. Karybakas and E.E. Horopanitis, “V-I Scalar Circuits Based on CCIIs," Electronics Letters, vol.34, no.4, pp.317–318, 1998.
[15] C.A. Karybakas and C.A. Papazouglou, “Low-Sensitivity CCII-Based Biquadratic Filters Offering Electronic Frequency Shifting," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.46, no.4, pp.527–539, 1999.
[16] E.M. Drakakis and C.A. Karybakas, “A Multiple Output Active Filter Based on Current Followers," International Journal of Electronics, vol. 86, no. 2, pp.141–151, 1999.
[17] H. Sedef and C. Acar, “Simulation of resistively terminated LC ladder filters using a new basic cell involving current conveyors," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 30, pp.63–68, 1999.
[18] H.Y. Wang and C.T. Lee, “Versatile insensitive current-modeuniversal biquad implementation using current conveyors," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital
Signal Processing, vol.48, no.4, pp.409–413, 2001.
[19] E. Yuce and S. Minaei, “On the realization of simulated inductors with reduced parasitic impedance effects," Circuits System Signal Processing, vol. 28, pp.451–465, 2009.
[20] E. Yuce and S. Minaei, “New CCII-Based Versatile Structure for Realizing PID Controller and Instrumentation Amplifier," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 41, pp.311–316, 2010.
[21] J.W. Horng, C.L. Hou, C.M. Chang, W.Y. Chiu, and C.C. Liu, “Current-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter with Five Inputs and Two Outputs Using Two Multi-Output CCIIs," Circuits
System Signal Processing, vol. 28, pp.781–792, 2009.
[22] J.W. Horng, C.L. Hou, C.M. Chang, H. Yang, and W.T. Shyu, “Higher-Order Immittance Functions Using Current Conveyors, " Analog Integrated Circuit and Signal Processing, v0l. 61, pp.205–209, 2009.
[23] W. Chunhua, Z. Deshu, Y. Jianzhuo, S. Chen, X. Chen, C. Jianxin, G. Guo, and S. Guangdi, “A MOCCII Current-Mode KHN filter and Its Non-idea Characteristic Research," Proc. IEEE International Conference on ASIC, pp. 289–292, 2001.
[24] W. Chunhua, A. U. Keskin, L. Yang, Z. Qiujing, and D. Sichun, “Minimum Configuration Insensitive Multifunctional Current-Mode Biquad Using Current Conveyors and All Grounded Passive Components," Radio Engineering, vol.19, no. 1, pp. 178*–184, 2010.
[25] W. Chunhua, L. Haiguang, and Z. Yan, “Universal Current-Mode Filter with Multiple Inputs and One Output Using MOCCII and MOCCCA," AEU International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol.63, pp.448–453, 2009.
[26] H.Y. Wang and C.T. Lee, “Versatile Insensitive Current-Mode Universal Biquad Implementation Using Current Conveyors," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.48, no.4, pp.409-413, 2001.
[27] E. Yuce and S. Minaei, “On the Realization of Simulated Inductors with Reduced Parasitic Impedance Effects," Circuits System Signal Processing, vol. 28, pp.451–465, 2009.
[28] U. Cam, and H. Kuntman, “CMOS four terminal floating nullor design using a simple approach," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 30, pp.1187–1194, 1999.
[29] P. Pienchob, K. Kumwachara and W. Surakampontorn, “A compounded second generation current conveyor using only NMOS transistor," Proceeding of the 2004 ECTI Annual Conference, pp.405–408, May 2004.
[30] Th. Laopoulos, S. Sisko, M. Bafleur, and Ph. Givelin, “CMOS current conveyor," Electronics Letters, vol.28, pp.2261–2262, 1992.
[31] G. Palmisano, and G. Palumbo, “A simple CMOS CCII+," International Journal Circuit Theory and Applications, vol.23, pp.599–603, 1995.
[32] R. Wojtyna, “CMOS Current Conveyor for 3V Supply Operation," Analog Integrated Circuit and Signal Processing, vol. 7, pp.91–101, 1995.
[33] W. Chiu, S.I. Liu, H.W. Tsao, and J.J. Chen, “CMOS Differential Difference Current Conveyor and Their Applications," IEE Proc. Circuits, Devices and Systems, vol.143, no.2, pp.91–96, 1996.
[34] I.M. Filanovsky, “CMOS Voltage Conveyor," Proc. 44th IEEE 2001 Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp.318–321, 2001.
[35] S. Emami, K. Wada, S. Takagi, and N. Fujii, “A Novel Design Strategy for Class A CMOS Second Generation Current Conveyors," IEICE Transaction on Fundamentals, vol.E84-A, no.2, pp.552–558, 2001.
[36] W. S. Hassanein, I. A. Awad, and A. M. Soliman, “New Wide Band Low-Power CMOS Current Conveyors," Analog Integrated Circuit and Signal Processing, vol. 40, pp.91–97, 2004.
[37] J. Arcamone, B. Misischi, F. Serra-Graells, M.A.F. van den Boogaart, J. Brugger, F. Torres, G. Abadal, N. Barniol, and F. Perez-Murano, “Compact CMOS Current Conveyor for Integrated MEMS Resonators," IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, vol. 2, no.3, pp.317–323, 2008.
[38] S. Liu, H. Tsao, and J. Wu, “CCII-based continuous-time filters with reduced gain bandwidth sensitivity," IEE Proc. Circuits, Devices and Systems, vol.138, pp.210–216, 1991.
[39] A.M. Ismail and A.M. Soliman, “Wideband CMOS current conveyor," Electronics Letters, vol.34, no.25, pp.2368–2369, 1998.
[40] U. Yodprasit, “High precision CMOS current conveyor," Electronics Letters, vol.3 6, pp.609–610, 2000.
[41] H. M. Hassan and A. M. Soliman, “Novel accurate wideband CMOS current conveyor," Frequenz, vol.60, pp.11–12, 2006.
[42] H. O. Elwan and A. M. Soliman, “Low-Voltage Low-Power CMOS Current Conveyors," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, vol. 44, no.9, pp.828–835, 1997.
[43] W. Surakampontorn and P. Thitimajshima, “Integrable Electronically Tunable Current Conveyors," IEE Proceedings, vol. 135, pt. G, no.2, pp.71–77, 1988.
[44] W. Surakampontorn and K. Kumwachara, “CMOS-Based Electronically Tunable Current Conveyor," Electronics Letters, vol. 28, no.14, pp.1316–1317, 1992.
[45] C.A. Papazoglou and C.A. Karybakas, “Noninteracting Electronically Tunable CCII-Based Current-Mode Biquadratic Filters," IEE Proceedings, vol.144, no.3, pp.178–184, 1997.
[46] C.A. Papazoglou and C.A. Karybakas, “A Transformation to Obtain CCII-Based Adjoint Op.- Amp.-Based Circuits," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.45, no.7, pp.894-898, 1998.
[47] O.K. Sayin and H.H. Kumtman, “Design of High-Order Active Filters Employing CMOS ECCIIs," IEEE Applications Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, pp.375–378, 2004.
[48] S. Minaei, O. K. Sayin, and H. Kuntman, “A New CMOS Electronically Tunable Current Conveyor and Its Application to Current-Mode Filters," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.53, no.7, pp.1448–1457, 2006.
[49] S.X. Song, G.P. Yan and H. Cao, “A New CMOS Electronically Tunable Current Conveyor Based on Translinear Circuits," The 7th IEEE International Conference on ASIC, pp.56-572, 2007.
[50] C.A. Papazoglou and C.A. Karybakas, “An Electronically Tunable Sinusoidal Oscillator Suitable for High Frequencies Operation Based on a Single Dual-Output Variable-Gain CCII," Analog
Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol.23, pp.31–44, 2000.
[51] P. Bergveld, “Thirty Years of ISFETOLOGY: What happen in the past 30 years and what may happen in the next 30 years," Sensor and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.88 pp.1–20, 2003.
[52] P. Pookaiyaudom, C. Toumazou and F.J. Lidgey, “The chemical current-conveyor: a new microchip biosensor," IEEE 2008 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS’ 2008), pp.3166-3169, 2008.
[53] P. Pookaiyaudom, F.J. Lidgey, H. Hayatleh, P. Seelanan and C. Toumazou, “Chemical current conveyor (CCCII+): system design and verification for buffer index/capacity measurement," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.147 pp.228-233, 2010.
[54] S. Thanapitak, P. Pookaiyaudom, P. Seelanan F.J. Lidgey and C. Toumazou, “Verification of ISFET response time for millisecond range ion stimulus using electronic technique," Electronics Letters, vol. 47, no.10, pp.586-588, 2011.
[2] B. Wilson, “Recent developments in current conveyors and current mode circuits," IEE Proceedings,vol. 137, pt. G, No.2, pp.63–76, 1990.
[3] F. Gohh, G.W. Roberts, and A. Sedra, “The Current Conveyor: History, Progress and New Results," IEE Proceedings, vol. 137, pt. G, No.2, pp.78–87, 1990.
[4] B. Wilson, “Trends in current conveyor and current-mode amplifier design," International Journal of Electronics, vol. 73, pp. 573–583, September 1992.
[5] E. Vidal, E. Alarcon, and B. Gilbert, “Up-to-Date Bibliography of Current-Mode Design," Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol.38, pp.245–262, 2004.
[6] S.S. Rajput, and S.S. Jamuar, “Advanced Applications of Current Conveyors: A Tutorial," Journal of Active and Passive Electronics Devices, vol. 2, no.2, pp. 143–164, 2007.
[7] K.C. Smith, and A. Sedra, “The Current Conveyor-A New Circuit Building Block," IEEE Proceedings, vol. 56, pp.1368–1369, 1968.
[8] A. Sedra, and K.C. Smith, “A Second-Generation Current Conveyor and its Applications," IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory, vol. CT-17, pp.132–134, 1970.
[9] W. Surakampontorn, V. Riewruja, K. Kumwachara, and K. Dejhan, “Accurate CMOSBased Current Conveyors," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 40, no. 4, pp.699–702, 1991.
[10] Ali M. Ismail and Ahmed M. Soliman, “CMOSCCII Realization Based on the Differential Amplifier: A Review," Frequenz, vol. 54, no.7-8, pp.182–194, 2000.
[11] W. S. Hassanein, I. A. Awad and A. M. Soliman, “Long tail pair based positive CMOS current conveyoir: A Review," Frequenz, vol. 59, no.7-8, pp.186–194, 2005.
[12] S. Pookaiyaudom, W. Surakampontorn, and T. Kuhanont, “Integrable electronically variable general-resistance converter -a versatile active circuit element," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS-25, no.6, pp.344–353, 1978.
[13] G. Di Cataldo, G. Ferri, and S. Pennisi, “Active Capacitance Multipliers Using Current Conveyors, " IEEE 1998 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS’98), pp.II-343–346, 1998.
[14] C.A. Karybakas and E.E. Horopanitis, “V-I Scalar Circuits Based on CCIIs," Electronics Letters, vol.34, no.4, pp.317–318, 1998.
[15] C.A. Karybakas and C.A. Papazouglou, “Low-Sensitivity CCII-Based Biquadratic Filters Offering Electronic Frequency Shifting," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.46, no.4, pp.527–539, 1999.
[16] E.M. Drakakis and C.A. Karybakas, “A Multiple Output Active Filter Based on Current Followers," International Journal of Electronics, vol. 86, no. 2, pp.141–151, 1999.
[17] H. Sedef and C. Acar, “Simulation of resistively terminated LC ladder filters using a new basic cell involving current conveyors," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 30, pp.63–68, 1999.
[18] H.Y. Wang and C.T. Lee, “Versatile insensitive current-modeuniversal biquad implementation using current conveyors," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital
Signal Processing, vol.48, no.4, pp.409–413, 2001.
[19] E. Yuce and S. Minaei, “On the realization of simulated inductors with reduced parasitic impedance effects," Circuits System Signal Processing, vol. 28, pp.451–465, 2009.
[20] E. Yuce and S. Minaei, “New CCII-Based Versatile Structure for Realizing PID Controller and Instrumentation Amplifier," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 41, pp.311–316, 2010.
[21] J.W. Horng, C.L. Hou, C.M. Chang, W.Y. Chiu, and C.C. Liu, “Current-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter with Five Inputs and Two Outputs Using Two Multi-Output CCIIs," Circuits
System Signal Processing, vol. 28, pp.781–792, 2009.
[22] J.W. Horng, C.L. Hou, C.M. Chang, H. Yang, and W.T. Shyu, “Higher-Order Immittance Functions Using Current Conveyors, " Analog Integrated Circuit and Signal Processing, v0l. 61, pp.205–209, 2009.
[23] W. Chunhua, Z. Deshu, Y. Jianzhuo, S. Chen, X. Chen, C. Jianxin, G. Guo, and S. Guangdi, “A MOCCII Current-Mode KHN filter and Its Non-idea Characteristic Research," Proc. IEEE International Conference on ASIC, pp. 289–292, 2001.
[24] W. Chunhua, A. U. Keskin, L. Yang, Z. Qiujing, and D. Sichun, “Minimum Configuration Insensitive Multifunctional Current-Mode Biquad Using Current Conveyors and All Grounded Passive Components," Radio Engineering, vol.19, no. 1, pp. 178*–184, 2010.
[25] W. Chunhua, L. Haiguang, and Z. Yan, “Universal Current-Mode Filter with Multiple Inputs and One Output Using MOCCII and MOCCCA," AEU International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol.63, pp.448–453, 2009.
[26] H.Y. Wang and C.T. Lee, “Versatile Insensitive Current-Mode Universal Biquad Implementation Using Current Conveyors," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.48, no.4, pp.409-413, 2001.
[27] E. Yuce and S. Minaei, “On the Realization of Simulated Inductors with Reduced Parasitic Impedance Effects," Circuits System Signal Processing, vol. 28, pp.451–465, 2009.
[28] U. Cam, and H. Kuntman, “CMOS four terminal floating nullor design using a simple approach," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 30, pp.1187–1194, 1999.
[29] P. Pienchob, K. Kumwachara and W. Surakampontorn, “A compounded second generation current conveyor using only NMOS transistor," Proceeding of the 2004 ECTI Annual Conference, pp.405–408, May 2004.
[30] Th. Laopoulos, S. Sisko, M. Bafleur, and Ph. Givelin, “CMOS current conveyor," Electronics Letters, vol.28, pp.2261–2262, 1992.
[31] G. Palmisano, and G. Palumbo, “A simple CMOS CCII+," International Journal Circuit Theory and Applications, vol.23, pp.599–603, 1995.
[32] R. Wojtyna, “CMOS Current Conveyor for 3V Supply Operation," Analog Integrated Circuit and Signal Processing, vol. 7, pp.91–101, 1995.
[33] W. Chiu, S.I. Liu, H.W. Tsao, and J.J. Chen, “CMOS Differential Difference Current Conveyor and Their Applications," IEE Proc. Circuits, Devices and Systems, vol.143, no.2, pp.91–96, 1996.
[34] I.M. Filanovsky, “CMOS Voltage Conveyor," Proc. 44th IEEE 2001 Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp.318–321, 2001.
[35] S. Emami, K. Wada, S. Takagi, and N. Fujii, “A Novel Design Strategy for Class A CMOS Second Generation Current Conveyors," IEICE Transaction on Fundamentals, vol.E84-A, no.2, pp.552–558, 2001.
[36] W. S. Hassanein, I. A. Awad, and A. M. Soliman, “New Wide Band Low-Power CMOS Current Conveyors," Analog Integrated Circuit and Signal Processing, vol. 40, pp.91–97, 2004.
[37] J. Arcamone, B. Misischi, F. Serra-Graells, M.A.F. van den Boogaart, J. Brugger, F. Torres, G. Abadal, N. Barniol, and F. Perez-Murano, “Compact CMOS Current Conveyor for Integrated MEMS Resonators," IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, vol. 2, no.3, pp.317–323, 2008.
[38] S. Liu, H. Tsao, and J. Wu, “CCII-based continuous-time filters with reduced gain bandwidth sensitivity," IEE Proc. Circuits, Devices and Systems, vol.138, pp.210–216, 1991.
[39] A.M. Ismail and A.M. Soliman, “Wideband CMOS current conveyor," Electronics Letters, vol.34, no.25, pp.2368–2369, 1998.
[40] U. Yodprasit, “High precision CMOS current conveyor," Electronics Letters, vol.3 6, pp.609–610, 2000.
[41] H. M. Hassan and A. M. Soliman, “Novel accurate wideband CMOS current conveyor," Frequenz, vol.60, pp.11–12, 2006.
[42] H. O. Elwan and A. M. Soliman, “Low-Voltage Low-Power CMOS Current Conveyors," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, vol. 44, no.9, pp.828–835, 1997.
[43] W. Surakampontorn and P. Thitimajshima, “Integrable Electronically Tunable Current Conveyors," IEE Proceedings, vol. 135, pt. G, no.2, pp.71–77, 1988.
[44] W. Surakampontorn and K. Kumwachara, “CMOS-Based Electronically Tunable Current Conveyor," Electronics Letters, vol. 28, no.14, pp.1316–1317, 1992.
[45] C.A. Papazoglou and C.A. Karybakas, “Noninteracting Electronically Tunable CCII-Based Current-Mode Biquadratic Filters," IEE Proceedings, vol.144, no.3, pp.178–184, 1997.
[46] C.A. Papazoglou and C.A. Karybakas, “A Transformation to Obtain CCII-Based Adjoint Op.- Amp.-Based Circuits," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.45, no.7, pp.894-898, 1998.
[47] O.K. Sayin and H.H. Kumtman, “Design of High-Order Active Filters Employing CMOS ECCIIs," IEEE Applications Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, pp.375–378, 2004.
[48] S. Minaei, O. K. Sayin, and H. Kuntman, “A New CMOS Electronically Tunable Current Conveyor and Its Application to Current-Mode Filters," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.53, no.7, pp.1448–1457, 2006.
[49] S.X. Song, G.P. Yan and H. Cao, “A New CMOS Electronically Tunable Current Conveyor Based on Translinear Circuits," The 7th IEEE International Conference on ASIC, pp.56-572, 2007.
[50] C.A. Papazoglou and C.A. Karybakas, “An Electronically Tunable Sinusoidal Oscillator Suitable for High Frequencies Operation Based on a Single Dual-Output Variable-Gain CCII," Analog
Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol.23, pp.31–44, 2000.
[51] P. Bergveld, “Thirty Years of ISFETOLOGY: What happen in the past 30 years and what may happen in the next 30 years," Sensor and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.88 pp.1–20, 2003.
[52] P. Pookaiyaudom, C. Toumazou and F.J. Lidgey, “The chemical current-conveyor: a new microchip biosensor," IEEE 2008 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS’ 2008), pp.3166-3169, 2008.
[53] P. Pookaiyaudom, F.J. Lidgey, H. Hayatleh, P. Seelanan and C. Toumazou, “Chemical current conveyor (CCCII+): system design and verification for buffer index/capacity measurement," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.147 pp.228-233, 2010.
[54] S. Thanapitak, P. Pookaiyaudom, P. Seelanan F.J. Lidgey and C. Toumazou, “Verification of ISFET response time for millisecond range ion stimulus using electronic technique," Electronics Letters, vol. 47, no.10, pp.586-588, 2011.