Factorial Hidden Markov Model analysis of Random Telegraph Noise in Resistive Random Access Memories

Main Article Content

Francesco Maria Puglisi
Paolo Pavan

Abstract


This paper presents a new technique to analyze the characteristics of multi-level random telegraph noise (RTN). RTN is defined as an abrupt switching of either the current or the voltage between discrete values as a result of trapping/de-trapping activity. RTN signal properties are deduced exploiting a factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM). The proposed method considers the measured multi-level RTN as a superposition of many two-levels RTNs, each represented by a Markov chain and associated to a single trap, and it is used to retrieve the statistical properties of each chain. These properties (i.e. dwell times and amplitude) are directly related to physical properties of each trap.


Article Details

How to Cite
Puglisi, F. M., & Pavan, P. (2014). Factorial Hidden Markov Model analysis of Random Telegraph Noise in Resistive Random Access Memories. ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications, 12(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2014121.170814
Section
Signal Processing

References

[1] F. M. Puglisi et al., "An empirical model for RRAM resistance in low- and high-resistance states," IEEE Electron. Device Lett., vol.34, no.3, pp. 387-389, Mar. 2013.

[2] F. M. Puglisi et al., "A compact model of hafnium-oxide-based resistive random access memory," Proc. Int. Conf. IC Design Technology, 2013, pp. 85-88.

[3] D. Veksler et al., "Random telegraph noise (RTN) in scaled RRAM devices," Proc. IEEE Int. Reliability Physics Symp., 2013, pp. MY.10.1-MY.10.4.

[4] L. Vandelli et al., "A physical model of the temperature dependence of the current through SiO2/HfO2 stacks," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 2878-2887, Sept. 2011.

[5] F. M. Puglisi et al., "Random telegraph signal noise properties of HfOx RRAM in high resistive state," Proc. European Solid-State Device Research Conf., 2012, pp. 274-277.

[6] F. M. Puglisi et al., "RTS noise characterization of HfOx RRAM in high resistive state," Solid-State Electron., vol. 84, pp. 160-166, Jun. 2013.

[7] L. R. Rabiner, "A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition," Proc. IEEE, vol. 77, no.2, Feb. 1989, pp. 257-285.

[8] Z. Ghahramani et al., "Factorial hidden Markov models," Machine Learning, vol. 29, no. 2-3, pp. 245-273, Nov./Dec. 1997.

[9] F. M. Puglisi, P. Pavan, "RTN analysis with FHMM as a tool for multi-trap characterization in HfOX RRAM," Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Electron. Devices Solid-State Circuits. 2013 , pp. 1-2.

[10] G. Casella et al., "Explaining the Gibbs Sampler" American Statistician, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 167-174, Aug. 1992.