Micro-slotted Dual-stage Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive radio networks
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Published:
Jun 14, 2016
Keywords:
Cognitive radio Spectrum sensing Adaptive Noise uncertainty Path loss
Main Article Content
Abstract
Spectrum sensing is used to determine an existence of a primary user in order to avoid harmful interference to the primary user caused by a secondary user in cognitive radio network. In general sensing, a PU is assumed to use the band since the beginning of the sensing period. In fact, a PU can be active at any time of the sensing period.
In this paper, we propose a novel technique — micro-slotted dual-stage spectrum sensing (MDMS) — to detect a PU no matter when it is active during the sensing period. The technique also addresses low SNR due to path loss effect in an adaptive fashion. The technique is more reliable compared to previous works of MDCAED and DCAED. MDMS is shown that it meets the spectrum sensing requirement (IEEE 802.22) of sensing time for all distances and gives the best detection performance among the other techniques. Not only the primary user can be ensured that its transmission will not be interfered by the secondary user, the number of detecting spectrum bands by the SU also increases because it consumes short sensing time. Thus, the efficiency of spectrum utilization can be improved.
Article Details
How to Cite
Lee, W., Srisomboon, K., Thakulsukanant, K., & Prayote, A. (2016). Micro-slotted Dual-stage Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive radio networks. ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications, 14(2), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2016142.171126
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Communication Systems
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References
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[32] K. Srisomboon et al., " Multi-slot Double Constraints Adaptive Energy Detection for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks," will presents at the IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2015.
[33] D. Teguig, B. Scheers, and V. Le Nir, "Data Fusion Schemes for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks," In: Proc. of Military Communications and Information Systems Conference, 2012, pp. 1-7.
[34] W. Zhang, R. Mallik and K. B. Letaief, "Optimization of cooperative Spectrum Sensing with energy detection in Cognitive Radio networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2009;8(12):5761-5766.
[35] L. Shiyin et al., "Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing and Data Fusing Algorithm," In: Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing, 2010, pp. 1-4.
[36] E. Peh and Y. C. Liang, "Optimization for cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks," In: Proc. of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2007, pp. 27-32.
[37] Li, H. Wang, and J. Kuang, "A two-step spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio network, " In: Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Technology, 2011.
[38] S. Suwanboriboon and W. Lee, "Performance comparison of Two-stage Spectrum Sensing Techniques," In: Proc. of The 36th Electrical Engineering Conference, 2013.
[39] S. Suwanboriboon and W. Lee, "A novel twostage spectrum sensing for cognitive radio system, " In: Proc. of 13th IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2013, pp. 176-181.
[40] K. Srisomboon et al., "Two-stage Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio under Noise Uncertainty, " In: Proc. of Eighth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking, 2015, pp. 19-24.
[41] S.J. Shellhammer and G. Chouinard, "Spectrum Sensing Requirements Summary," IEEE 802.22-06/0089rl, June 2006.
[42] Shokri-Ghadikolaei, H., Abdi, Y. and NasiriKenari. M, "Learning-based spectrum sensing time optimization in cognitive radio systems," In: Proc. of the 6th International Symposium on Telecommunications, 2012, pp. 249-254.
[43] L. Tingting et al., "Optimal sensing time based on the target function in cognitive spectrum sensing," In: Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Future Computer and Comm., 2010, pp. 187-190.
[44] Lee D-J, Jang M-S., "Optimal spectrum sensing time considering spectrum handoff due to false alarm in cognitive radio networks," IEEE Communications Letters, 2009;13(12):899-901
[45] Beaulieu NC, and Chen Y, "Improved energy detector for cognitive radios with randomly arriving or departing primary users," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2010;17(10):867-70.
[46] Z. Quan, S. J. Shellhammer, W. Zhang and A. H. Sayed, "Spectrum sensing by cognitive radios at very low SNR," In: Proc. of IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[47] L. Chenxi, and Y. Miao, "A Distance-Weighed Algorithm Based on Maximum-Minimum Eigenvalues for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing," In: Proc. of Int. Conf. on Wireless Comm., Networking and Mobile Computing, 2011, pp. 1âAS4.
[48] N. Zarin, S.A. Mahmud, and I. Khan, "Relay based cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks over rayleigh fading channel with path loss eects," In: Proc. of IEEE 15th International Multi Topic Conference, 2012, pp. 291-296.
[49] N. Faruk, A. Ayeni, and Y. A. Adediran, "On the study of empirical path loss models for accurate prediction of tv signal for secondary users," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 2013;49:155-176.
[50] S.J. Shellhammer, "Sensitivity Requirement for Sensing Wireless Microphones," IEEE 802.22-07/0290r3, July 2007.
[51] G. Chouinard, "Sensing performance with the 802.22.1 wireless microphone beacon," IEEE 802.22-09/0068r1, March 2009.
[52] S.J. Shellhammer, "Sensitivity Requirement for Sensing Wireless Microphones," IEEE 802.22-07/0290r0, June 2007.
[53] P. Xunyu et al., " Detecting splicing in digital audios using local noise level estimation," In: Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2012, pp. 1841-1844.
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[55] C. Clanton, M. Kenkel, and Y. Tang, "Wireless Microphone Simulation Model," IEEE 802.22-07/0124r0, March 2007.
[2] C. Cordeiro et al., "IEEE 802.22: An Introduction to the First Wireless Standard based on Cognitive Radios," Journal of Communications, 2006;1(1):38-47.
[3] A.M. Wyglinski, M. Nekovee, and Y.T. Hou, "Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: Principles and Practice," Burlington, MA, USA: Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009.
[4] B. Wang and K.J.R. Liu, "Advances in Cognitive Radio Networks : A Survey," IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2011;5(1):5-23.
[5] I.F. Akyildiz et al., "Next Generation/Dynamic Spectrum Access/Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks: A Survey," Computer Networks Journal, 2006;50:2127-2159.
[6] Y.C. Liang et al., "Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications: An Overview," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2011;60(7):3386-3407.
[7] M. Celebi, H. Celebi, H. Arslan and K. Qaraqe. "Spectrum sensing testbed design for cognitive radio applications," In: Proc. of IEEE 19th Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications, 2011, pp.446-449.
[8] M. R. Dzulkii, M. R. Kamarudin, and T. A. Rahman. "Spectrum occupancy at UHF TV band for cognitive radio applications," In: Proc. of IEEE International RF and Microwave Conf., 2011, pp. 111-114.
[9] L. Wei, O. Yaron et al., "Demeester Real-time wide-band spectrum sensing for cognitive radio," IEEE 18th Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology in the Benelux, 2011, pp. 1-6.
[10] T. Yucek and H. Arslan, "A Survey of Spectrum Sensing Algorithmsfor Cognitive Radio Applications, " IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2009;11(1):116-130.
[11] L. Lu et al., "Ten Years of Research in Spectrum Sensing and Sharing in Cognitive Radio," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012.
[12] Y. Zeng, Y. Liang, A. Hoang, and R. Zhang, "A review on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio: challenges and solutions ," EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2010; 2010.
[13] S.A. Malik et al., "Comparative Analysis of Primary Transmitter Detection Based Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radio Systems, " Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2010;4(9):4522-4531.
[14] W. Ejaz et al., "Improved Local Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012;2012(4).
[15] P. Zhang and R.C. Qiu, "GLRT-Based Spectrum Sensing with Blindly Learned Feature under Rank-1 Assumption," IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013;61(1):87-96.
[16] P. Zhang, R. Qiu, and N. Guo, "Demonstration of spectrum sensing with blindly learned features," IEEE Communications Letters, 2011;15(5):548-550.
[17] P. Zhang and R. Qiu, "Spectrum Sensing Based on Blindly Learned Signal Feature," In: Proc. of IEEE International on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2011.
[18] W. Lee, K. Srisomboon, and A. Prayote, "Fast Spectrum Sensing with Coordinate System in Cognitive Radio Networks," Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Journal, 2015;37(3):491-501
[19] A.T. Teshome, " FPGA-Based Eigenvalue Detection Algorithm for Cognitive Radio," M.S. thesis, Dept. of Electron., Eng., University of Gavle, Sweden, 2010.
[20] Y. Zeng and Y. Liang, "Maximum-Minimum Eigenvalue Detection For cognitive Radio," IEEE 18th Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007, pp. 1-5.
[21] Y. Zeng and Y. Liang, "Spectrum-sensing algorithms for cognitiveradio based on statistical covariances," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2009;58(4):1804-1815.
[22] A. Mate, K.-H. Lee, and I.-T. Lu, " Spectrum Sensing Based on Time Covariance Matrix Using Gnu Radio and Usrp for Cognitive Radio," In: Proc. of IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference, 2011, pp. 1-6.
[23] H. Xiaofeng et al., "An algorithm for energy detection based on noise variance estimation under noise uncertainty," In: Proc. of IEEE 14th International Conference on Communication Technology, 2012, pp. 1345-1349.
[24] M. Lopez-Benitez and F. Casadevall, "Signal Uncertainty in Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio, " IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013;61(4):1231-1241.
[25] Y. Zeng and Y.C. Liang, "Eigenvalue-Based Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for Cognitive Radio, " IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2009;57(6):1784âAS1793.
[26] Y. Zeng, C. Koh, and Y. Liang, "Maximum Eigenvalue Detection: Theoryand Application," In: Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2008, pp. 4160-4164.
[27] A.Gorcin et al., "An Adaptive Threshold Method for Spectrum Sensing in Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks," In: Proc. of IEEE 17th International Conference on Telecommunications, 2010, pp. 425-429.
[28] P.R. Nair, "A fast sensing algorithm for spectrum detection in cognitive radios," Student thesis, Nanyang Technological University, College of Engineering, School of Computer Engineering (SCE), 2012.
[29] P.R. Nair, A.P.Vinod, and A.K.Krishna, "An Adaptive Threshold Based Energy Detector for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios at Low SNR," In: Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems, 2010, pp. 574-578.
[30] K. Srisomboon et al., "Double Constraints Adaptive Energy Detection for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks," In: Proc. of Eighth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking, 2015, pp. 76-77.
[31] Liang YC, Zeng Y, Peh ECY, and Hoang AT, "Sensing-throughput tradeoff for cognitive radio networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2008;7(4):1326-37.
[32] K. Srisomboon et al., " Multi-slot Double Constraints Adaptive Energy Detection for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks," will presents at the IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2015.
[33] D. Teguig, B. Scheers, and V. Le Nir, "Data Fusion Schemes for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks," In: Proc. of Military Communications and Information Systems Conference, 2012, pp. 1-7.
[34] W. Zhang, R. Mallik and K. B. Letaief, "Optimization of cooperative Spectrum Sensing with energy detection in Cognitive Radio networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2009;8(12):5761-5766.
[35] L. Shiyin et al., "Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing and Data Fusing Algorithm," In: Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing, 2010, pp. 1-4.
[36] E. Peh and Y. C. Liang, "Optimization for cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks," In: Proc. of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2007, pp. 27-32.
[37] Li, H. Wang, and J. Kuang, "A two-step spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio network, " In: Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Technology, 2011.
[38] S. Suwanboriboon and W. Lee, "Performance comparison of Two-stage Spectrum Sensing Techniques," In: Proc. of The 36th Electrical Engineering Conference, 2013.
[39] S. Suwanboriboon and W. Lee, "A novel twostage spectrum sensing for cognitive radio system, " In: Proc. of 13th IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2013, pp. 176-181.
[40] K. Srisomboon et al., "Two-stage Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio under Noise Uncertainty, " In: Proc. of Eighth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking, 2015, pp. 19-24.
[41] S.J. Shellhammer and G. Chouinard, "Spectrum Sensing Requirements Summary," IEEE 802.22-06/0089rl, June 2006.
[42] Shokri-Ghadikolaei, H., Abdi, Y. and NasiriKenari. M, "Learning-based spectrum sensing time optimization in cognitive radio systems," In: Proc. of the 6th International Symposium on Telecommunications, 2012, pp. 249-254.
[43] L. Tingting et al., "Optimal sensing time based on the target function in cognitive spectrum sensing," In: Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Future Computer and Comm., 2010, pp. 187-190.
[44] Lee D-J, Jang M-S., "Optimal spectrum sensing time considering spectrum handoff due to false alarm in cognitive radio networks," IEEE Communications Letters, 2009;13(12):899-901
[45] Beaulieu NC, and Chen Y, "Improved energy detector for cognitive radios with randomly arriving or departing primary users," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2010;17(10):867-70.
[46] Z. Quan, S. J. Shellhammer, W. Zhang and A. H. Sayed, "Spectrum sensing by cognitive radios at very low SNR," In: Proc. of IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[47] L. Chenxi, and Y. Miao, "A Distance-Weighed Algorithm Based on Maximum-Minimum Eigenvalues for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing," In: Proc. of Int. Conf. on Wireless Comm., Networking and Mobile Computing, 2011, pp. 1âAS4.
[48] N. Zarin, S.A. Mahmud, and I. Khan, "Relay based cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks over rayleigh fading channel with path loss eects," In: Proc. of IEEE 15th International Multi Topic Conference, 2012, pp. 291-296.
[49] N. Faruk, A. Ayeni, and Y. A. Adediran, "On the study of empirical path loss models for accurate prediction of tv signal for secondary users," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 2013;49:155-176.
[50] S.J. Shellhammer, "Sensitivity Requirement for Sensing Wireless Microphones," IEEE 802.22-07/0290r3, July 2007.
[51] G. Chouinard, "Sensing performance with the 802.22.1 wireless microphone beacon," IEEE 802.22-09/0068r1, March 2009.
[52] S.J. Shellhammer, "Sensitivity Requirement for Sensing Wireless Microphones," IEEE 802.22-07/0290r0, June 2007.
[53] P. Xunyu et al., " Detecting splicing in digital audios using local noise level estimation," In: Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2012, pp. 1841-1844.
[54] C. Gabriela et al., "A Signal-to-Noise Ratio Estimator for Generalized Linear Model Systems," Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science, 2008;2171:1063-1069.
[55] C. Clanton, M. Kenkel, and Y. Tang, "Wireless Microphone Simulation Model," IEEE 802.22-07/0124r0, March 2007.