CU-MAC: A Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for Internet of Things in Wireless Sensor Networks
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Published:
Apr 9, 2018
Keywords:
Media Access Control Protocol MAC layer protocol Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) Internet of Things (IoT)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Nowadays “Internet of Things” or IoT becomes the most popular technology in the Internet system. Types of devices and sensors have been connected as a network of devices and sensors. While a wireless sensor network is a traditional network of sensors that can be considered as a beginning point of IoT systems. Currently, these sensor data are not only exchanged within a local network but also are delivered to other devices in the Internet. Consequently, well-known organizations such as IEEE, IETF, ITU-T and ISO/IET are trying to set standards for wireless sensor devices in IoT systems. The recommended standard utilizes many of internet stack standards such as CoAP, UDP and IP. However, the traditional design of WSNs is to avoid using internet protocol in the system to reduce transmission overhead and power consumption due to resource limitation. Fortunately, the current technology in both hardware and software allow the internet standard to sufficiently operate in a small sensor. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol named CU-MAC to efficiently support IoT standard that need request-respond communication or bi-direction communication. CU-MAC uses multi-channel communication to perform continuous and bi-directional data transfer at low duty-cycle. It also has a mechanism to overcome the hidden terminal problem. We evaluated the performance of CU-MAC on both simulation and real testbed based on Contiki OS. The result shows that CU-MAC outperforms other existing MAC protocols in term of packet delivery ratio at 98.7% and requires lower duty-cycle than others to operate in the high traffic environment.
Article Details
How to Cite
Danmanee, T., Na Nakorn, K., & Rojviboonchai, K. (2018). CU-MAC: A Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for Internet of Things in Wireless Sensor Networks. ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications, 16(2), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2018162.171332
Section
Communication Systems
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References
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[17] P. Xie and J. H. Cui, "R-MAC: An Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks," in Int. Conf. Wireless Algorithms, Syst. Applicat.(WASA 2007), 2007, pp. 187-198.
[18] F. Tong, W. Tang, R. Xie, L. Shu and Y. C. Kim, "P-MAC: A Cross-Layer Duty Cycle MAC Protocol Towards Pipelining for Wireless Sensor Networks," in 2011 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun.(ICC), 2011, pp. 1-5.
[19] J. Polastre, J. Hill and D. Culler, "Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks," in SenSys'04 - Proc. 2th Int. Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Syst., 2004, pp. 95-107.
[20] Y. Sun, O. Gurewitz and D. B. Johnson,"RI-MAC: a receiver-initiated asynchronous duty cycle MAC protocol for dynamic traffic loads in wireless sensor networks," Proc. 6th ACM conf. Embedded network sensor syst., Raleigh, NC, USA, 2008.
[21] T. Bhosale, M. Patil and V. Wadhai, "A smart farming alternative for small Pomegranate farms of India," in 2015 Int. Conf. Commun. Signal Proc. (ICCSP), 2015, pp. 0540-0544.
[22] Contiki OS, "http://www.contiki-os.org."
[23] Chipcon cc2240, "http://www.chipcon.com."
[2] A. Meddeb, "Internet of things standards: who stands out from the crowd?," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 40-47, 2016.
[3] E. H. Callaway "The Wireless Sensor Network MAC," in Handbook of Sensor Networks: Algorithms and Architectures, 2005, pp. 239-276.
[4] G. P. Halkes, T. van Dam, and K. G. Langendoen, "Comparing Energy-Saving MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks," Mobile Networks Applicat., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 783-791, 2005.
[5] S. Gehlaut, J. Koti and K. Sakhardande, "To improve the lifetime of wireless sensor network," in 2016 Int. Conf. Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), vol. 2, 2016, pp. 1-5.
[6] M. Buettner, G. V. Yee, E. Anderson and R. Han, "X-MAC: A short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks," in Sen Sys'06: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 2006, pp. 307-320.
[7] J. Beaudaux, A. Gallais, J. Montavont, T. Noel, D. Roth and E. Valentin, "Thorough empirical analysis of X-MAC over a large scale internet of things testbed," IEEE Sensors J., Article vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 383-392, 2014, Art. no. 6600871.
[8] A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari and M. Ayyash, "Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications," IEEE Commun. Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347-2376, 2015.
[9] L. Shancang, X. L. Da, and Z. Shanshan, "The internet of things: a survey," Inform. Syst. Frontiers, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 243-259, 2015.
[10] Z. Shelby, K. Hartke, and C. Bormann, "RFC 7252 - The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)," Internet Eng. Task Force (IETF), 2014.
[11] G. Montenegro et al., "RFC 4944 -Transmission of IPv6 packets over IEEE 802.4," Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 2007.
[12] T. P. Winter T., Brandt A., Hui J., Kelsey R. , Pister K. , Struik R. , Vasseur JP. and Alexander R., "RFC 6550 - RPL: IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks," Internet Eng. Task Force (IETF), 2012.
[13] F. Alfayez, M. Hammoudeh and A. Abuarqoub, "A Survey on MAC Protocols for Duty-cycled Wireless Sensor Networks," Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 73, pp. 482-489, 2015.
[14] M. J. Miller and N. H. Vaidya, "Power save mechanisms for multi-hop wireless networks," in First Int. Conf. Broadband Networks, 2004, pp. 518-526.
[15] Y. Wei, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, "An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks," in Proc. Twenty-First Annu. Joint Conf. IEEE Comput. Commun. Soc., 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1567-1576.
[16] T. v. Dam and K. Langendoen, "An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks," Proc. 1st int. conf. Embedded networked sensor syst., Los Angeles, California, USA, 2003.
[17] P. Xie and J. H. Cui, "R-MAC: An Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks," in Int. Conf. Wireless Algorithms, Syst. Applicat.(WASA 2007), 2007, pp. 187-198.
[18] F. Tong, W. Tang, R. Xie, L. Shu and Y. C. Kim, "P-MAC: A Cross-Layer Duty Cycle MAC Protocol Towards Pipelining for Wireless Sensor Networks," in 2011 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun.(ICC), 2011, pp. 1-5.
[19] J. Polastre, J. Hill and D. Culler, "Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks," in SenSys'04 - Proc. 2th Int. Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Syst., 2004, pp. 95-107.
[20] Y. Sun, O. Gurewitz and D. B. Johnson,"RI-MAC: a receiver-initiated asynchronous duty cycle MAC protocol for dynamic traffic loads in wireless sensor networks," Proc. 6th ACM conf. Embedded network sensor syst., Raleigh, NC, USA, 2008.
[21] T. Bhosale, M. Patil and V. Wadhai, "A smart farming alternative for small Pomegranate farms of India," in 2015 Int. Conf. Commun. Signal Proc. (ICCSP), 2015, pp. 0540-0544.
[22] Contiki OS, "http://www.contiki-os.org."
[23] Chipcon cc2240, "http://www.chipcon.com."