Leakage Current and Pollutant Properties of Porcelain Insulators from the Geothermal Area
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Published:
Jul 31, 2009
Keywords:
Geothermal Humidity Leakage Current Pollutant Porcelain Insulator
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Abstract
This manuscript presents the experimental results of a new-clean and seven geothermal naturally polluted outdoor porcelain insulators. These insulators were tested in a hermetically sealed chamber, where their leakage currents and applied voltages were measured with a storage digital oscilloscope. The measured data could be recorded oscilloscope and transferred to a computer, saved in softcopy forms. FFT was used to analyze the leakage current waveforms, and correlation coe±cient matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the relation among parameters. It was also carried out EDAX tests of insulator adhered pollutant. The results indicated that the power factors and leakage current amplitudes closed to humidity, the phase angle closed to THD, and temperature opposited the humidity. The ratios of insulator impedance on the high and low humidity were ranged from 0.8696 until 0.1343. The small insulator impedance ratios were rearched on the ¯rst and seventh withdrawals, i.e. 0.1363 and 0.1343 respectively. On these insulators, THD ratios on the same conditions were 0.3739 and 0.4598 respectively. These phenomena were caused by dry season, which amount of pollutant stuck on the insulator surfaces signi¯cantly. On the high humidity, the minimum phase angles ranged between 66.8 and 25.7 degrees. Sulfur chemical element was found in medium composition on the pollutant.
Article Details
How to Cite
Waluyo, W., Sinisuka, N. I., Suwarno, S., & Djauhari, M. A. (2009). Leakage Current and Pollutant Properties of Porcelain Insulators from the Geothermal Area. ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications, 8(1), 126–145. https://doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.201081.172053
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References
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[3] Dickson, M.H., Fanelli, M., " What is Geothermal Energy?," www.geothermal-energy.org /.../geo/ Geothermal%20Energy.en.pdf, accessed 24th June, 2009.
[4] Eliasson, E.T., Power Generation from High Enthalpy Geothermal Resources, GHC Buletin, June 2001, p.26-34.
[5] Hammons, T.J., "Geothermal Power GenerationWorldwide; Global Perspective, Technology, Field Experience, and Research and Development," Electric Power Components and Systems, Taylor & Francis, 32, 2004, p.529-553.
[6] Herdianita, N.R., Priadi, B., "Arsenic and Mercury Concentrations at Several Geothermal System in West Java," Indonesia, ITB Journal Science, Vol. 40 A, No.1, pp.1-14, 2008.
[7] Matthiasdottir, K.V., Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Non-Condensable Geothermal Gas at Nesjavellir Power Plant, www.chemeng.lth.se/exjobb/E251.pdf, accessed 24th June 2009.
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[10] Marques, J.M, Marques, J.E, Carreira, P.M., Graca, R.C., Barros, L.A., Carvalho, J.M., Chamine, H.I., Borges, F.S., "Geothermal Fluids Circulation at Caldas do Moledo Area," Northern Portugal; geochemical and isotopic signatures, Geo°uids, 3, Blockwell Publishing, 2003, p.189-201.
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[16] Demirbas, A., Turkey's Geothermal Energy Potential, Energy Source, Taylor & Francis 24, 2002, p.1107-1115.
[17] Kaygusuz, K., Kaygusuz, A., Geothermal Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future, Energy Source, Taylor & Francis 24, 2002, p.937-947.
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[20] Farzaneh, M., Fofana, I., "Study of Insulator Flashovers caused by Atmospheric Ice Accumulation," Journal of Iranian Association of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Vol.1, No.1, Spring 2004.
[21] Reddy, B.S., Nagabhushana, G.R., "Study of Leakage Current Behaviour on Artificially Polluted Surface of Ceramic Insulator," Plasma Science and Technology, Vo.5, No.4 (2003).
[22] Fofana, I., Tavakoli, C., Farzaneh, M., "Dynamic Modelling of AC Iced Insulator Flashover Characteristics," Paper accepted for presentation at 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Technology Conference, June 23-26th, 2003, Bologna, Italy.
[23] El-Hag, A.H., Jayaram, S.H., Cherney, E.A., "Fundamental and Low Frequency Harmonic Components of Leakage Current as a Diagnostic Tool to Study Aging of RTV and HTV Silicone Rubber in Salt-Fog," IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical insulation, Vol.10, No.1, February 2003.
[24] Devendranath, D., Channakeshava, "Leakage Current and Charge in RTV Coated Insulators Under Pollution Conditions," IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical insulation, Vo. 9, No.2, April 2002.
[25] Moreno, V.M., Gorur, R.S., "Effect of Longterm Corona on Non-ceramic Outdoor Insulator Housing Materials," IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical insulation, Vol.8, No.1, February 2001.
[26] Dixit, P., Gopal, H.G., Letter to the Editor: Variation of Leakage Current with SDD on an Artificially Polluted Porcelain Pin Insulator - AN Experimental Study, Electrical Power Components and Systems, 35, p.359-365, 2007.
[27] Jiang, X., Wang, S., Zhang, Z., Xie, S., Wang, Y., "Study on AC Flashover Performance and Discharge Process of Polluted and Iced IEC Standard Suspension Insulator String," Proceedings of the XIVth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, August 25-29, 2005.
[28] Sun, C., Jiang, X., Shu, L., Lu, Z., Chen, M., "AC Flashover Performance and Mechanism of Polluted and Iced IEC Standard Suspension Insulator String," Proceeding of The Thriteenth (2003) International O®shore and Polar Engineering Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, May 25-30, 2003.
[29] Awad, M.M., Said, H.M., Arafa, B.A., Sadeek, A.E.H., E®ect of Sandstorms with Charged Particles on The Flashover and Breakdown of Transmission Lines, Cigre, Sessin 2002, 15-306.
[30] Zegnini, B., Mahi, D., Vega, J.M., "Modeling AC Arcs Developing along Electrolytic Surfaces Simulating Practical Polluted Insulator Using an Original Laboratory Model," International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol.2, No.1, 2007, p.109-124.
[31] Vosloo, W. L., Holthhausen, "A Comparison of the Performance of High-Voltage Insulator Materials in a Severely Polluted Coastal Environment," PhD Dissertation, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, March 2002, p.118-150.
[32] OriginLab Co., Origin V75 User's Manual, OriginLab Corporation, MA,USA, pp.601-611, 2003.
[33] Suwarno, "Leakage Current Waveforms of Outdoor Polymeric Insulators and Possibility of Application for Diagnostics of Insulator Conditions," Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineering, Vol.1,No.1,pp.114-119, 2006.
[34] Anderson, T.W. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, pp.18,489, 1984.
[35] Whittaker, J., Graphical Models in Applied Multivariate Statistics, John Wiley & Sons, pp.17,48-51, 1996.
[36] Hannawati A., Thiang, Prasetyo Y., "Odor Recognition dengan Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis dan Nearest Neighbour Classifier," http:// puslit.petra.ac.id/ journals/electrical, accessed on 1st Dec. 2007.
[37] Mardia, K.V., Kent, J.T., Bibby, J.M., Multivariate Analysis, Academic Press, London, UK, pp.213-228, 2000.
[38] Lab. Perencanaan dan Optimasi Sistem Industri, "Handout multivariate Analysis," Seminar and Workshop, Teknik Industri ITB, 17th & 24th March, 2007.