High Directivity Broadband Hexagonal Fractal Ring Antenna with Modified Ground
Main Article Content
Abstract
A highly directive fractal antenna with a novel shape is proposed in this paper. Finite Element Method based simulations were carried out on the first three iterations of a hexagonal fractal ring and the performance was measured in terms of the resonant behavior, directivity, radiation efficiency, current distribution, and radiation pattern. The second iteration fractal antenna radiates well along the broadside direction at the fundamental mode of operation. The ground plane was modified to improve the performance further. The antenna, etched on an FR4 substrate, has a directivity of 11.8 dB along the broadside direction with multi-frequency broadband performance over the frequency range of 3.12-7.46 GHz. Therefore, the proposed fractal antenna can be used for Wireless LAN applications. The antenna was fabricated and measured in order to validate the results.
Article Details
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
- Creative Commons Copyright License
The journal allows readers to download and share all published articles as long as they properly cite such articles; however, they cannot change them or use them commercially. This is classified as CC BY-NC-ND for the creative commons license.
- Retention of Copyright and Publishing Rights
The journal allows the authors of the published articles to hold copyrights and publishing rights without restrictions.
References
[2] J. Anguera, C. Puente, C. Borja, & J. Soler, "Fractal Shaped Antennas: A Review," Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering, 2005.
[3] J. Anguera, A. Andújar, J. Jayasinghe, D. Uduwawala, M.K. Khattak, and S. Kahng, “ Nature-Inspired High-Directivity Microstrip Antennas: Fractals and Genetics”, Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, 8th International Conference on, pp. 204-207, 2016.
[4] J. Jayasinghe, A. Andújar, J. Anguera, “On the properties of Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Microstrip Antennas”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 772-776, 2019.
[5] J. Anguera, C. Puente, C. Borja, R. Montero, and J. Soler, “Small and high‐directivity bow‐tie patch antenna based on the Sierpinski fractal”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp.239-241, 2001.
[6] K. Siakavara, “Novel fractal antenna arrays for satellite networks: Circular ring Sierpinski carpet arrays optimized by genetic algorithms”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 103, pp.115-138, 2010.
[7] J. Romeu, C. Borja, and S. Blanch, “High directivity modes in the Koch island fractal patch antenna”, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 3, pp. 1696-1699, 2000.
[8] A.B. Younas, Z. Ahmed, and M.B. Ihsan, “A new high-directivity fractal antenna based on the Modified Koch Snowflake geometry”, In Microwave Conference Proceedings (APMC), Asia-Pacific, pp. 191-194, 2010.
[9] P. Chandrasekhar, P.G. Kumar, and K. Santhosh, “Study on fractal microstrip fork antenna with enhanced directivity”, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, Vol.4, No.3, pp.80-84, 2015.
[10] J. Anguera, A. Andújar, S. Benavente, J. Jayasinghe, and S. Kahng, “High-directivity microstrip antenna with Mandelbrot fractal boundary”, IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp.569-575, 2017.
[11] M. Akbari, S. Gupta, M. Farahani, A.R. Sebak, and T.A. Denidni, “Gain enhancement of circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna based on FSS superstrate for MMW applications”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 12, pp.5542-5546, 2016.
[12] H. Zhou, Z. Pei, S. Qu, S. Zhang, J. Wang, Z. Duan, H. Ma, and Z. Xu, “A novel high-directivity microstrip patch antenna based on zero-index metamaterial,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 538–541, 2009.
[13] R.M. Hashmi, B.A. Zeb, and K.P. Esselle, “Wideband high-gain EBG resonator antennas with small footprints and all-dielectric superstructures”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp.2970-2977, 2014.
[14] L. Kurra, M.P. Abegaonkar, A. Basu, and S.K. Koul, “FSS properties of a uniplanar EBG and its application in directivity enhancement of a microstrip antenna,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.15, pp.1606-1609, 2016.
[15] E. El-Khouly, H. Ghali, and S. A. Khamis, “High directivity antenna using a modified Peano space-filling curve,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.6, 405–407, 2007.
[16] H.D. Yang, N. G. Alexopoulos, and E. Yablonovitch, “Photonic band-gap materials for high-gain printed circuit antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 1, 185– 187, 1997.
[17 ] M.U. Afzal, and K.P. Esselle, “Quasi-analytical synthesis of continuous phase correcting structures to increase the directivity of circularly polarized Fabry-Perot resonator antennas” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, No. 21, p.214902, 2015.
[18]J.M.J.W. Jayasinghe, J. Anguera, and D.N. Uduwawala, "Genetic algorithm optimization of a high-directivity microstrip patch antenna having a rectangular profile", Radioengineering, Vol.22, No. 3, 700-707, 2013.
[19] Y. Ge, K.P. Esselle, and Y. Hao, “Design of low-profile high-gain EBG resonator antennas using a genetic algorithm” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 6, pp.480-483, 2007.
[20] R. Singha, and D. Vakula, “Compact ultra‐wideband fractal monopole antenna with high gain using single layer superstrate”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 59(2), pp.482-488, 2017.
[21] A.M. de Oliveira, J.F. Justo, M.B. Perotoni, S.T. Kofuji, A.G. Neto, R.C. Bueno, and H. Baudrand, “A high directive Koch fractal Vivaldi antenna design for medical near‐field microwave imaging applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp.337-346, 2017.
[22] C. Borja, G. Font, S. Blanch, and J. Romeu, “High directivity fractal boundary microstrip patch antenna”, Electronics Letters, Vol.36, No.9, pp.778-779, 2000.
[23] A. Singh, and S. Singh, “A modified coaxial probe-fed Sierpinski fractal wideband and high gain antenna” AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol.69, No.6, pp.884-889, 2015.
[24] B. Biswas, R. Ghatak, and D.R. Poddar, “A Fern Fractal Leaf Inspired Wideband Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave Imaging System”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No.11, pp.6126-6129, 2017.