Virtual Inertia Design Procedure for Energy Storage Systems to Increase Frequency Response Performance in Microgrids
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Abstract
The frequency instability caused by low system inertia is a common problem for small power systems such as microgrids since it can lead to stepping load shedding and generation tripping when disturbances occur. To alleviate the problem, this paper proposes a procedure for the virtual inertia design of an energy storage system (ESS) using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique. The advantage of this proposed procedure is that it can separately manipulate the frequency response performance indices: the nadir and rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). The results confirm that the proposed procedure enables the microgrid to maintain frequency stability and avoid unnecessary load shedding whether operating in the grid-connected or islanding mode.
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