Power Estimation in Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers Using ANN
Main Article Content
Abstract
At the industrial consumer level, an unbalanced threephase supply is very common, which creates control issues with PWM rectifiers. Direct power control (DPC) has been a proven controller in the field of rectifier control. The DPC requires the estimation of active and reactive as these quantities are used as the control variable in the loop. For an unbalanced grid, the
power estimation becomes complex with the extended pq theory. This article presents a novel approach to estimating the instantaneous power using an artificial neural network (ANN), streamlining the complex control structures involving back-to-back connected secondorder generalized integrator (SOGI) blocks. The intricate interconnection of multiple SOGI blocks poses challenges in terms of computational complexity. The proposed method leverages ANN to replace the SOGI blocks, which makes the system simpler and more efficient. Rigorous
simulation using MATLAB Simulink and comparative studies reveal that with ANN, the performance of the based system can be replicated, and a reduced computational burden can be achieved, leading to improved realtime response. Real-time simulation in RT-LAB validates the proposed ANN-based method for PWM rectifiers’ power estimation. Integrating ANN models ensures accurate emulation of complex control structures, affirming the approach’s efficacy for industrial deployment.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
- Creative Commons Copyright License
The journal allows readers to download and share all published articles as long as they properly cite such articles; however, they cannot change them or use them commercially. This is classified as CC BY-NC-ND for the creative commons license.
- Retention of Copyright and Publishing Rights
The journal allows the authors of the published articles to hold copyrights and publishing rights without restrictions.
References
Y. Zhang and C. Qu, “Direct Power Control of a Pulse Width Modulation Rectifier Using Space Vector Modulation Under Unbalanced Grid Voltages,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,
vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 5892–5901, 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2371469.
P. Antoniewicz and M. P. Kazmierkowski, “Virtualflux- based predictive direct power control of AC/DC converters with online inductance estimation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 4381–4390, 2008, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2007519.
A. Rath and G. Srungavarapu, “New Model Predictive & Algorithm DPC based Shunt Active Power Filters (SAPFs),” in 2021 1st International Conference on Power Electronics and
Energy (ICPEE), IEEE, Jan. 2021, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICPEE50452.2021.9358550.
A. Rath and G. Srungavarapu, “Delay Compensated Multifold Table (DCMST) Direct Power Control (DPC) with Duty Ratio Control,” in 2022 4th International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment (ICEPE), IEEE, Apr. 2022, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICEPE55035.2022.9798177.
A. Rath and G. Srungavarapu, “Reduced complexity model predictive direct power control for unbalanced grid,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 234, p. 110563, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110563.
A. Rath and G. Srungavarapu, “Battery Charging With Model Predictive DPC based-Converter Using Dynamic DC-link Reference,” in 2022 4th International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment (ICEPE), IEEE, Apr. 2022, pp. 1–6. doi:
1109/ICEPE55035.2022.9797948.
J. Hu, J. Zhu, G. Lei, G. Platt, and D. G. Dorrell, “Multi-objective model-predictive control for high-power converters,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 652–663, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2013.2270557.
Y. Zhang, Z. Li, Y. Zhang, W. Xie, Z. Piao, and C. Hu, “Performance improvement of direct power control of pwm rectifier with simple calculation,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 3428– 3437, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2222050.
Y. Zhang and W. Xie, “Low complexity model predictive control - Single vector-based approach,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 5532–5541, 2014, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2291005.
Y. Zhang, W. Xie, Z. Li, and Y. Zhang, “Low-complexity model predictive power control: Double-vector-based approach,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 5871–5880, 2014, doi:
1109/TIE.2014.2304935.
D. Wang et al., “Model Predictive Control Using Artificial Neural Network for Power Converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 3689– 3699, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3076721.
P. Vu, B. B. Pho, H. M. Tran, and M. T. Tran, “An artificial neural network-based model predictive control of cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Res., vol. 12, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.20508/ijrer.v12i3.13145.g8513.
H. Acikgoz, A. Kumar, H. Beiranvand, and M. Sekkeli, “Hardware implementation of type-2 neuro-fuzzy controller-based direct power control for three-phase active front-end rectifiers,” Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1–14, 2019, doi: 10.1002/2050-7038.12066.
Y. Zhang and C. Qu, “Model predictive direct power control of PWM rectifiers under unbalanced network conditions,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 4011–4022, 2015, doi:
1109/TIE.2014.2387796.
A. Rath and G. Srungavarapu, “An Advanced Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for Non-ideal Grid Using Predictive DPC,” IETE Tech. Rev., pp. 1– 14, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1080/02564602.2022.2127946.
A. Rath and G. Srungavarapu, “Dead Beat Predictive DPC based Battery Charging System Using Dynamic DC-link Reference,” in 2021 National Power Electronics Conference
(NPEC), IEEE, Dec. 2021, pp. 01–06. doi: 10.1109/NPEC52100.2021.9672500.
A. Rath, A. Kumar, G. Srungavarapu, and M. Pattnaik, “Power quality improvement using 18 sector algorithm based direct power control,” Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1–17 Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1002/2050-7038.12784.
P. Cortés, J. Rodríguez, P. Antoniewicz, and M. Kazmierkowski, “Direct power control of an AFE using predictive control,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 2516–2523, 2008, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2002065.
S. A. Nejad, J. Matas, J. Elmariachet, H. Martín, and J. de la Hoz, “Sogi-fll grid frequency monitoring with an error-based algorithm for a better response in face of voltage sag and swell faults,” Electron., vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 23–26, 2021, doi: 10.3390/electronics10121414.
H. Fang, Z. Zhang, X. Feng, and R. Kennel, “Ripplereduced
model predictive direct power control for active front-end power converters with extended switching vectors and time-optimised control,” IET Power Electron., vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 1914–1923, 2016,
doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0857.
Y. Zhang, Y. Peng, and C. Qu, “Model Predictive Control and Direct Power Control for PWM Rectifiers with Active Power Ripple Minimization,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 4909–4918, 2016,doi: 10.1109/TIA.2016.2596240.
Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, J. Jiao, and J. Liu, “Grid- Voltage Sensorless Model Predictive Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier under Unbalanced and Distorted Grid Voltages,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 8663–8672, 2020, doi:
1109/TPEL.2019.2963206.
A. Rahoui, A. Bechouche, H. Seddiki, and D. Ould Abdeslam, “Virtual Flux Estimation for Sensorless Predictive Control of PWM Rectifiers under Unbalanced and Distorted Grid Conditions,”
IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1923–1937, 2021, doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2020.2970042., pp. 652–663, 2013,
doi: 10.1109/TEC.2013.2270557.
D. Committee, I. Power, and E. Society, “IEEE 519 Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems IEEE Power and Energy Society,” vol. 2014, 2014.