Dimmable proximity-based indoor visible light positioning with interference mitigation
Main Article Content
Abstract
This work presents a development of a dimmable proximity-based indoor Visible Light Positioning (VLP) system. Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps are used to transmit position numbers, which are detected by a mobile receiver containing a Photo Diode (PD). For data transmissions, Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) and inverse PPM (IPPM) are used for Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection (IM/DD). For energy savings when background light is sufficient, LED lamps can be independently dimmed by choosing between PPM and IPPM for low and high illumination levels, respectively, while the receiver can detect their position numbers without having to know the dimming levels. To mitigate signal interference between adjacent LED lamps, timeslot-interleaved Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is applied. Values of relevant system parameters for the developed VLP system are explained. Then, simulation results are presented to demonstrate that light dimming does not affect the transmission quality while timeslot-interleaved TDM can help reduce the fraction of positions with high detection error percentages. Finally, hardware implementation and experiments are discussed, with error percentages evaluated from a test system to demonstrate the potential of the proposed dimmable proximity-based VLP system.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
- Creative Commons Copyright License
The journal allows readers to download and share all published articles as long as they properly cite such articles; however, they cannot change them or use them commercially. This is classified as CC BY-NC-ND for the creative commons license.
- Retention of Copyright and Publishing Rights
The journal allows the authors of the published articles to hold copyrights and publishing rights without restrictions.
References
J. Armstrong, Y.A. Sekercioglu, and A. Neild, “Visible light positioning: A roadmap for international standardization,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 68–73, Dec. 2013.
M.F. Keskin, A.D. Sezer, and S. Gezici, “Localization via visible light systems,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1063–1088, June 2018.
A.B.M.M. Rahman, T. Li, and Y. Wang, “Recent advances in indoor localization via visible lights: A survey,” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 5, Mar. 2020.
S. Bastiaens, M. Alijani, W. Joseph, and D. Plets, “Visible light positioning as a next-generation
indoor positioning technology: A tutorial,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2867–2913, 4th Quarter 2024.
JEITA, Visible Light Beacon System. JEITA Standard CP-1223, May 2013.
IEEE, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolican Area Networks–Part 15.7: Short-Range Optical Wireless Communications. IEEE Standard 802.15.17-2018: 2018.
N. Chi, LED-Based Visible Light Communications. Springer, 2018.
V. Vappangi, V.V. Mani, and M. Sellathurai, Visible Light Communication. CRC Press, 2021.
F. Zafar, D. Karunatilaka, and R. Parthiban, “Dimming schemes for visible light communication: The state of research,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 29–35, Apr. 2015.
T. Wang, F. Yang, J. Song, and Z. Han, “Dimming techniques for visible light communications for human-centric illumination networks: State-ofthe-art, challenges, and trends,” IEEE Wireless
Communications, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 88–95, Aug. 2020.
R. Lee et al., “Performance analysis of M-ary PPM in dimmable visible light communications,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), Da Nang, Vietnam, 2013.
K. L. Sterckx and P. Saengudomlert, “Visible light communications via dimmable LED lamps,” in Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications (NOC), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, 2011.
S. Das and S. K. Mandal, “Dimming controlled multiheader hybrid PPM (MH-HPPM) for visible light communication,” Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 53, no. 2, Feb. 2021.
F. Fang, S. Xiao, Z. Chen, and W. Hu, “Shaped polar codes for dimmable visible light communication,” Optics Communications, vol. 496, Oct. 2021.
P. Saengudomlert and K.L. Sterckx, “Pulse position modulation with flexible dimming support for visible light communication,” APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing, vol. 12, no. 1, Oct. 2023.
P. Saengudomlert and P. Ubolkosold, “Joint position and orientation estimation for visible light positioning using extended Kalman filters,” in Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunica-tions and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2024.
P. Saengudomlert, P. Ubolkosold, and K.L. Sterckx, “Development of a position and orientation estimation system using extended Kalman filtering for indoor visible light positioning,” AEUE International Journal of Electronics and Communications,
vol. 192, pp. 155684, Jan. 2025.
GNU, GNU Octave: Scientific Programming Language, octave.org/index.html.
