Nanowatt Analog Filter Design

Main Article Content

Prajuab Pawarangkoon

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a nanowatt-power analog filter. Important parameters such as supply voltage, power consumption, cutoff frequency, noise, dynamic range, and figure of merit are considered in the design method. These parameters indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the designed filter. The paper provides an example of a 4th-order Chebyshev low-pass filter designed for an ECG detection system based on cascading two 2nd-order sections. The proposed circuit can operate at a 0.6 V supply, and the cutoff frequency can be adjusted from 50 Hz to 300 Hz, covering the entire frequency range of ECG signals. At a 150 Hz cutoff frequency, the proposed filter consumes 0.55 nW.

Article Details

Section
Research Articles

References

C. C. Enz, F. Krummenacher, and E. Vittoz, “An analytical MOS transistor model valid in all regions of operation and dedicated to low-voltage and low-current applications,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 83–114, July 1995.

C. Sawigun and W. A. Serdijn, “A modular transconductance reduction technique for very low-frequency Gm-C filters,” in Proc. IEEE ISCAS, Seoul, Korea (South), 2012, pp. 1183-1186.

S. Thanapitak and C. Sawigun, “A 9.19 nW hybrid OTA – source follower biquad lowpass filter,” in Proc. IEEE TENCON-2014 Proc., Oct 2014.

C. Sawigun and P. Pawarangkoon, “A compact subthreshold CMOS 2nd-order gm-C lowpass filter,” in Proc. ECTICON-2015, June 2015.

C. Sawigun, W. Ngamkham and W. A. Serdijn, “A 0.5-V, 2-nW, 55-dB DR, fourth-order bandpass filter using single branch biquads: An efficient design for FoM enhancement,” Microelectronics Journal, vol. 45, no. 4, April 2014.

C.-Y. Sun and S.-Y. Lee, “A fifth-order butterworth OTA-C LPF with multiple-output differential-input OTA for ECG applications,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. PP, pp.1-1, Apr. 2017.

C. Sawigun, S. Hiseni and W. Serdijn, “A 0.45nW, 0.5V, 59-dB DR, Gm-C lowpass filter for portable ECG recording,” Proc. International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices, January 2012.

S. Hiseni, C. Sawigun, S. Vanneste, E. Velden, D. Ridder and W. Serdijn, “A nano power CMOS Tinnitus detector for a fully implantable closed-loop neurodevice,” IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), 2011.

C. Sawigun and P. Pawarangkoon, “0.6-V, sub-nW, second-order lowpass filters using flipped voltage followers,”IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), 2016.

T.-T. Zhang, P.-I. Mak, M.-I. Vai, P.-U. Mak, M.-K. Law, S.-H. Pun, F. Wan and R. Martins, “15-nW biopotential LPFs in 0.35-mm CMOS using subthreshold-source-follower biquads with and without gain compensation,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 690-702, 2013.

C. Sawigun and S. Thanapitak, “A 0.9-nW, 101-Hz, and 46.3Vrms IRN low-pass filter for ECG acquisition using FVF biquads,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 2018. (in press)

S. Thanapitak and C. Sawigun, “A subthreshold buffer-based biquadratic cell and its application to biopotential filter design,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 2774-2783, 2018.

M. E. Van Valkenburg, Analog Filter Design, Holt-Saunders International Editions, 1982.

B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw-Hill Education, Second Edition, 2017.

Prajuab Pawarangkoon, “A Nanopower 4 th -Order Chebyshev Lowpass Filter For ECG Detection System”, IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), 2018.