In-situ Synthesis of Lignin/ZnO Composites from Black Liquor for UV-Resistant and Antioxidant Agents in Bioplastics

Abstract

An in-situ method has been developed to prepare lignin/ZnO composites from soda black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunches. This method offers a new route to reduce the preparation steps and waste associated with the process. The effects of the lignin/zinc ratio on structures and properties of the obtained lignin/ZnO composites were investigated. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The obtained lignin/ZnO composites were then employed as an additive in polylactic acid (PLA) films by solvent casting to enhance their UV-resistant and antioxidant properties. The PLA-based bio-composites exhibited excellent UV-resistant and antioxidant properties. The prepared lignin/ZnO composites, derived from the developed facile and low-cost process, eco-friendly, and sustainable methods may find useful applications, especially smart packaging and cosmetic applications.