Comparison of Biosorbent and Biochar Derived from Banana Pseudo Stem Waste for Crystal Violet Removal from Synthetic Wastewater
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Crystal violet (CV), a toxic carcinogenic dye commonly used for dyeing and colouring, is difficult to remove from effluents due to its complex structure. Currently, adsorption utilizing green adsorbent derived from abundant, low-cost agricultural wastes is an efficient and simpler technique than other dye removal methods. This study aims to evaluate the potential of banana pseudo stem (BPS) as biochar and biosorbent feedstock for CV dye removal. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various adsorption parameters with one factor at a time (OFAT) analysis. The adsorbent characterization with the FTIR identified the presence of carboxylic, hydroxyl and amine groups, while SEM images showed rough, irregular pore structures, which resulted in dye molecules’ strong adsorption onto the adsorbent surface. Using BPS biosorbent and BPS biochar, the highest CV removal of 91.9% and 93.7% was achieved at the same optimum adsorption conditions; pH 3, 2 g/L adsorbent dosage and 60 mg/L initial concentration. The adsorption on BPS biochar reached an earlier equilibrium time (90 min) as compared to the BPS biosorbent (110 min). The calculated maximum adsorption capacity, q𝑚, using the Langmuir model is 59.52 mg/g and 71.94 mg/g for BPS biosorbent and BPS biochar, respectively. Isotherm adsorption data for both adsorbents were better fitted to the Freundlich model. Therefore, the prepared BPS biochar has great potential as a promising adsorbent for removing CV dye from an aqueous solution.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Shoukat S, Bhatti HN, Iqbal M, Noreen S. Mango stone biocomposite preparation and application for crystal violet adsorption: A mechanistic study. Microporous Mesoporous Materials, 2017;239:180-9.
Xu HM, Sun XF, Wang SY, Song C, Wang SG. Development of laccase/graphene oxide membrane for enhanced synthetic dyes separation and degradation. Separation and Purification Technology, 2018;204:255-60.
Mnasri-Ghnimi S, Frini-Srasra N. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by adsorption using single and mixed pillared clays. Applied Clay Science, 2019;179:105151.
Wang YY, Liu YX, Lu HH, Yang RQ, Yang SM. Competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions onto hydroxyapatite-biochar nanocomposite in aqueous solutions. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2018;261:53-61.
Sultana S, Islam K, Hasan MA, Jawad Khan HM, Khan MAR, Deb A, Al Raihan M, Rahman MW. Adsorption of crystal violet dye by coconut husk powder: Isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics perspectives. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 2022;17:100651.
Rezazadeh M, Baghdadi M, Mehrdadi N, Abdoli MA. Adsorption of crystal violet dye by agricultural rice bran waste: Isotherms, kinetics, modelling and influencing factors. Environmental Engineering Research, 2021;26(3):200128.
Chahinez HO, Abdulkader O, Leila Y, Tran HN. One-stage preparation of palm petiole-derived biochar: Characterization and application for adsorption of crystal violet dye in water. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 2020;19:100872.
Moharm AE, El Naeem GA, Soliman HMA, Abd-Elhamid AI, El-Bardan AA, Kassem TS, Nayl AA, Brase S. Fabrication and characterization of effective biochar biosorbent derived from agricultural waste to remove cationic dyes from wastewater. Polymers, 2022;14:2587.
Muhammad UL, Zango ZU, Kadir HA, Usman A. Crystal violet removal from aqueous solution using corn stalk biosorbent. The Scientific World Journal, 2019;14(1):133-138.
Taib RM, Abdullah N, Aziz NSM. Bio-oil derived from banana pseudo-stem via fast pyrolysis process. Biomass and Bioenergy, 021;148:106034.
Liu S, Li J, Xu S, Wang M, Zhang Y, Xue X. A modified method for enhancing adsorption capability of banana pseudostem biochar towards methylene blue at low temperature. Bioresource Technology, 2019;282:48-55.
Rigueto CVT, Alessandretti I, da Silva DH, Rosseto M, Loss RA, Geraldi CAQ. Agroindustrial wastes of banana pseudostem as adsorbent of textile dye: Characterization, kinetic and equilibrium studies. Chemistry Africa, 2021;4(2):3.
Misran E, Bani O, Situmeang EM, Purba AS. Banana stem based activated carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal: Isotherm, kinetics and reusability. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2022;61:1946-55.
Mondal NK, Kar S. Potentiality of banana peel for removal of congo red dye from aqueous solution: Isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics studies. Applied Water Science, 2018;8:1-12.
Yusuff S. Adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solution using composite chicken eggshell anthill clay: Optimization of adsorbent preparation conditions. Acta Polytech, 2019;59:192-202.
Goes MCC, Albuquerque CCV, Cardodo JJF, Santana SAA, Silva HAS, Melo SM, de Farias RF, Bezerra CWB. Expressive removal of cationic dyes (methylene blue and crystal violet) by Carnauba straw (Copernicia cerifera). Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 2019;6(3):37-52.
Amin MT, Alazba AA, Shafiq M. Successful application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis biochar in the batch adsorption of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes from aqueous solution. Sustainability, 2021; 13:3600.
Pathania D, Sharma S, Singh P. Removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto activated carbon developed from Ficus carica bast. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2017;10:S1445-51.
Gorzin F, Bahri Rasht Abadi MM. Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorbent prepared from paper mill sludge: Kinetics and thermodynamics studies. Adsorption Science and Technology, 2017;36(1-2):149-69.
Etim U, Umoren S, Eduok, U. Coconut coir dust as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 2016; 20:S67-76.
Goswami R, Dey AK. Use of anionic surfactant-modified activated carbon for efficient adsorptive removal of crystal violet dye. Adsorption Science and Technology, 2022;2357242.
Fytianos K, Voudrias E, Kokkalis E. Sorption-desorption behavior of 2,4 dichlorophenol by marine sediments. Chemosphere, 2000;40:3-6.
Patil SR, Sutar SS, Jadhav JP. Sorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution using live roots of Eichhornia crassipes: Kinetic, isotherm, phyto and cyto-genotoxicity studies. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 2020;18:100648.
Joshi M, Srivastava A, Bhatt D, Srivastava PC. Simple adsorptive removal of crystal violet, a triarylmethane dye, from synthetic wastewater using Fe(III) treated pine needle biochar. Environmental Monitoring Assessesment, 2023;195:444.
Kyi PP, Quansah JO, Lee CG, Moon JK, Park SJ. The removal of crystal violet from textile wastewater using palm kernel shell-derived biochar. Applied Sciences, 2020; 10:2251.
Saniya A, Sathya K, Nagarajan L, Yogesh M, Jayalakshmi H, Praveena P, Bharathi S. Modelling of the removal of crystal violet dye from textile effluent using Murraya koenigii stem biochar. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2020;203:356-65.
Song Y, Peng R, Chen S, Xiong Y. Adsorption of crystal violet onto epichlorohydrin modified corncob. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2019;154:376-84.
Hussein TK, Jasim NA. Removal of crystal violet and methylene blue from synthetic industrial wastewater using fennel seed as an adsorbent. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2019;14(5):2947-63.