Impact of Power-On Duration on Chloride Migration in Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete with Recycled Aggregates, Fly Ash and Silica Fume

Main Article Content

Naphol Yoobanpot
Pannaphat Hengterm
Natt Makul Makul
Gritsada Sua-Iam

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the chloride migration characteristics of Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete (RRPC) that is not in a steady state. The RRPC was formulated using pozzolans and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The study was mostly looking at how the chloride migration coefficient changed when two important things happened: how long the power was on and how much RCA was in the RRPC mixtures. Six separate categories of RRPC mixtures were formulated, each containing different ratios of silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA), as well as varying amounts of RCA substituting for the traditional coarse aggregate. The results of this study uncovered a significant trend in the chloride migration coefficient as the duration of power on increased from 12 to 36 h. The coefficient first showed an upward trend, then a downward trend. This trend indicates the existence of a curative and sealing mechanism within the concrete structure, which gradually improves its ability to resist the penetration of chloride over time. Adding RCA to reinforced reactive powder concrete (RRPC) mixtures also slowed down the movement of chloride, and the effect became more obvious as the RCA content increased. It also found that the effect of RCA content on chloride resistance was more noticeable during shorter durations but became less significant as the duration increased.

Article Details

How to Cite
Yoobanpot, N. ., Hengterm, P. ., Makul, N. M., & Sua-Iam, G. . (2024). Impact of Power-On Duration on Chloride Migration in Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete with Recycled Aggregates, Fly Ash and Silica Fume. Science & Technology Asia, 29(3), 178–196. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/253268
Section
Engineering

References

Naito C, Fox J, Bocchini P, Khazaali M. Chloride migration characteristics and reliability of reinforced concrete highway structures in Pennsylvania. Construction and Building Materials, 2020;231: p.117045.

Ribeiro DV, Pinto SA, Junior NSA, Neto JSA, Santos IH, Marques SL, Franca MJ, Effects of binders characteristics and concrete dosing parameters on the chloride diffusion coefficient. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2021;122: p.104114.

Dodds W, Christodoulou C, Goodier C, Austin S, Dunne D. Durability performance of sustainable structural concrete: Effect of coarse crushed concrete aggregate on rapid chloride migration and accelerated corrosion. Construction and Building Materials, 2017;155:511-21.

British Standards Institution 2013. Principles of the equivalent durability procedure. PD CEN/TR 16563:2013.

Lollini F, Carsana M, Gastaldi M, Redaelli E, Bertolini L. The challenge of the performance-based approach for the design of reinforced concrete structures in chloride bearing environment. Construction and Building Materials, 2015;79:245-54.

Beushausen H, Torrent R, Alexander MG. Performance-based approaches for concrete durability: State of the art and future

research needs. Cement and Concrete Research, 2019;119:11-20.

Bucher R, Cyr M, Escadeillas G. Performance-based evaluation of flashmetakaolin as cement replacement in marine structures - Case of chloride migration and corrosion. Construction and Building Materials, 2021;267:p. 120926.

Real S, Bogas JA, Pontes J. Chloride migration in structural lightweight aggregate concrete produced with different binders. Construction and Building Materials, 2015;98:425-36.

Loser R, Lothenbach B, Leemann A. Tuchschmid M. Chloride resistance of concrete and its binding capacityComparison between experimental results and thermodynamic modeling. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2010;32(1):34-42.

Castellote M, Andrade C, Alonso C. Chloride-binding isotherms in concrete submitted to non-steady-state migration experiments. Cement and Concrete Research, 1999;29(11):1799-806.

Tang L. Concentration dependence of diffusion and migration of chloride ions: Part1. Theoretical considerations. Cement and concrete research, 1999;29(9):1463-8.

Tang L. Electrically accelerated methods for determining chloride diffusivity in concrete-current development. Magazine

of concrete research, 1996;48(176):173-9.

Ying J, Xiao J, Tam VW. On the variability of chloride diffusion in modelled recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and

Building Materials, 2013;41:732-41.

Yu B, Ma Q, Huang HC, Chen Z. Probabilistic prediction model for chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete in terms

of material parameters. Construction and Building Materials, 2019;215:941-57.

Taffese WZ, Espinosa-Leal L. A machine learning method for predicting the chloride migration coefficient of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2022;348:p.128566.

Liu QF, Easterbrook D, Yang J, Li LY. A three-phase, multi-component ionic transport model for simulation of chloride penetration in concrete. Engineering Structures, 2015;86:122-33.

Liu J, Liao C, Jin H, Jiang Z, Xie R, Tang L. Electrically driven ionic transport in the RCM and RIM: Investigations based on experiments and numerical simulations. Construction and Building Materials, 2022;331:p.127331.

Han Q, Wang N, Zhang J, Yu J, Hou D, Dong B. Experimental and computational study on chloride ion transport and corrosion inhibition mechanism of rubber concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2021;268:p.121105.

Liu J, Zhang W, Li Z, Jin H, Tang L. Influence of deicing salt on the surface properties of concrete specimens after 20 years. Construction and Building Materials, 2021;295:p.123643.

Jin H, Li Z, Zhang W, Liu J, Xie R, Tang L, Zhu J. Iodide and chloride ions diffusivity, pore characterization and microstructures of concrete incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag. journal of materials research and technology, 2022;16:302-21.

Savija B, Lukovic M, Schlangen E. Lattice modeling of rapid chloride migration in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 2014;61:49-63.

Lay S, Liebl S, Hilbig H, SchieDI P. New method to measure the rapid chloride migration coefficient of chloride contaminated concrete. Cement and concrete research, 2004;34(3):421-7.

Spiesz P, Brouwers HJH. The apparent and effective chloride migration coefficients obtained in migration tests. Cement and concrete Research, 2013;48: 116-27.

Pontes J, Bogas JA, Real S, Silva A. The rapid chloride migration test in assessing the chloride penetration resistance of normal and lightweight concrete. Applied Sciences, 2021;11(16):p.7251.

NLiu J, Wang X, Qiu Q, Ou G, Xing F., Understanding the effect of curing age on the chloride resistance of fly ash blended concrete by rapid chloride migration test. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2017; 196:315-23.

Tang L, Nilsson LO, Basheer PM. Resistance of concrete to chloride ingress: Testing and modelling. CRC Press; 2011.

NT build 492. Nordtest method. Concrete, mortar and cement-based repair materials: chloride migration coefficient from nonsteady-state migration experiments, 1999.

Tang L, SUrensen HE.. Precision of the Nordic test methods for measuring the chloride diffusion/migration coefficients of concrete. Materials and Structures, 2001;34:479-85.

Yu Z, Ye G. New perspective of service life prediction of fly ash concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2013;48:764-71.

Chatterji S. On the applicability of Fick's second law to chloride ion migration through Portland cement concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 1995;25(2):299-303.

Gospodinov PN.Numerical simulation of 3D sulfate ion diffusion and liquid push out of the material capillaries in cement composites, Cement and Concrete Research, 2005;35(3):520-6.

Luping T. Engineering expression of the ClinConc model for prediction of free and total chloride ingress in submerged marine concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 2008;38(8-9):1092-7.

Koenders E, Imamoto Ki, Soive A. Benchmarking Chloride Ingress Models on Real-life Case Studies Marine Submerged and Road Sprayed Concrete Structures State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM TC 270-CIM. Springer Cham 2022.

Zhu W, Bartos PJ. Permeation properties of reinforced reactive powder concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003;33(6):921-6.

Barus WA, Khair H, Pratama HP. Karakter Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Lobak (Raphanus sativus L.) Terhadap Aplikasi Ampas Tahu Dan Poc Daun The Growth Character And Yield of Radishs On The Application Of Tofu Dregs And Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Gamal Leaves. Agrium 2020;22:183-9.

Badogiannis EG, Sfikas IP, Voukia DV, Trezos KG, Tsivilis, S.G. Durability of metakaolin reinforced reactive powder concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2015;82:133-41.

Leemann A, Loser R, Munch B. Influence of cement type on ITZ porosity and chloride resistance of reinforced reactive powder concrete. Cement and concrete composites, 2010;32(2):116-20.

Ruixing C, Song M, Jiaping L. Relationship between chloride migration coefficient and pore structures of long term water curing concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2022;341: p.127741.

ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Cement; Lime; Gypsum, Vol. 04.01, West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for

Testing and Materials, USA, 2018.

ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Concrete and Aggregates, Vol. 04.02, West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, USA, 2019.

Bassuoni MT, Nehdi ML, Greenough TR. Enhancing the reliability of evaluating chloride ingress in concrete using the

ASTM C 1202 rapid chloride penetrability test. Journal of ASTM International, 2006;3(3):1-13.

Silva RV, Brito JD, Neves R, Dhir R. Prediction of chloride ion penetration of recycled aggregate concrete. Materials Research, 2015;18:427-40.

Neves R, Silva A, De Brito J, Silva RV. Statistical modelling of the resistance to chloride penetration in concrete with recycled aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 2018;182:550-60.

Mohammed MK, Dawson AR, Thom NH.Macro/micro-pore structure characteristics and the chloride penetration of reinforced reactive powder concrete incorporating different types of filler and mineral admixture. Construction and Building Materials, 2014;72:83-93.

Chen X, Zhang Q, Ming Y, Fu F, Hua R. A numerical study of chloride migration in concrete under electrochemical repair. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings; 2023;176(7):556-64.

Tang S, Chen E, Shao H. Non-steady state migration of chloride ions in cement pastes at early age. RSC Advances, 2014;4(89):48582-9.

Chiang S, Yang C. Using electrical current to determine the non-steady-state migration coefficient from accelerated chloride

migration test. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2008;31(2):189- 97.

Abro, Buller A, Ali T, Ul-Abdin Z, Ahmed Z, Memon N. Autogenous healing of cracked mortar using modified steadystate migration test against chloride penetration. Sustainability, 2021;13(17):9519.

Sanjuan M, Rivera R, Martin D, Estevez E. Chloride diffusion in concrete made with coal fly ash ternary and ground granulated blast-furnace slag Portland cements. Materials;2022;15(24):8914.

Ma B, Mu S, Schutter G. Non-steady state chloride migration and binding in cracked self-compacting concrete. Journal of Wuhan University of TechnologyMater Sci Ed, 2013;28(5):921-6.

Ribeiro D, Labrincha J, Morelli M. Analysis of chloride diffusivity in concrete containing red mud. Revista Ibracon De

Estruturas E Materiais, 2012;5(2):137-52.

Ortega J, Sanchez I, Climent M. Influencia de diferentes condiciones de curado en la estructura porosa y en las propiedades

a edades tempranas de morteros que contienen ceniza volante y escoria de alto horno. Materiales De Construcci

Zhang F, Da-gen S, Zhang Z, Zhong M, Zhang X, Xiong J. Transfer parameter analysis of chloride ingress into concrete based on long-term exposure tests in China’s coastal region. Materials, 2022;15(23):8517.

Dabrowski M, Glinicki A, Gibas K, Jozwiak-Niedzwiedzka D. Effects of calcareous fly ash in blended cements on chloride ions migration and strength of air entrained concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 2016;26;1044-53.

Gomes M. De Brito J. Structural concrete with incorporation of coarse recycled concrete and ceramic aggregates: durability performance. Materials and structures, 2009;42:663-75.

Amorim Junior NS, Silva GAO, Dias CMR, Ribeiro DV. Concrete containing recycled aggregates: Estimated lifetime using chloride migration test, Construction and Building Materials, 2019;.222:108-18.