Bioprospecting Actinomycetes from the Un-tapped Mangrove Sediments of North Kerala for Antimicrobial and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities
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Abstract
Actinomycetes from unexplored environments are regarded as a potential source of novel metabolites with a diverse array of biological activities. Sediments from mangrove habi-tats, characterized by their distinct environment, are regarded as essential for the identification of Actinomycetes strains with potent industrial, biotechnological, and therapeutic applications. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the distribution, hydrolytic enzyme potential, and antimicrobial properties of actinomycetes strains from the mangrove sediments of north Kerala with respect to sediment characteristics. Sediment samples were collected from 8 stations in 5 districts along the northern coast of Kerala state. Sediments were subjected to different pretreatment methods to eliminate the growth of unwanted contaminants and plated on three different media for the selective isolation of actinomycetes. The pH of sediments ranged from 6.0-7.0, temperature from 28℃- 35℃, salinity from 1.8-3.2%, and percentage of organic matter from 1.0% - 9.2%. A total of 117 actinomycetes were isolated based on their distinct morphology, colony appearance, sporulation, and pigment production, out of which 86% of isolates exhibited hydrolytic enzyme potential and 64% isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against pathogenic strains. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, the isolates exhibited the greatest resemblance to four distinct genera: Streptomyces, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium, and Nonomuraea. Further research into the isolation and identification of secondary bioactive compounds from these groups will be advantageous for uncovering new biomolecules that are beneficial to humans.
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