การพัฒนาโปรแกรมการออกกำลังกายแบบผสมฤาษีดัดตนและโยคะสำหรับเพิ่มหน้าที่บริหารจัดการของสมองในผู้ใหญ่ตอนต้น
คำสำคัญ:
การออกกำลังกายแบบผสมฤาษีดัดตนและ, โยคะ, หน้าที่บริหารจัดการของสมองบทคัดย่อ
การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาโปรแกรมการออกกำลังกายแบบผสมฤาษีดัดตนและโยคะ และศึกษาผลของโปรแกรมต่อการเพิ่มหน้าที่บริหารจัดการของสมองในผู้ใหญ่ตอนต้น โปรแกรมที่พัฒนาขึ้นมีองค์ประกอบสำคัญ 4 อย่าง คือ การยืดเหยียดกล้ามเนื้อ การกดนวด การบริหารลมหายใจ และการทำสมาธิ ใช้เวลาประมาณ 77 นาที 3 ครั้งต่อสัปดาห์ ระยะเวลา 8 สัปดาห์ แบ่งเป็น 4 ช่วง ได้แก่ การทำสมาธิ การอบอุ่นร่างกาย การออกกำลังกาย และการผ่อนคลาย เมื่อศึกษาผลของโปรแกรมต่อการเพิ่มหน้าที่บริหารจัดการของสมอง ในผู้ใหญ่ตอนต้นจำนวน 40 คน โดยทดสอบหน้าที่บริหารจัดการของสมองด้วยการทำกิจกรรม Wisconsin card sorting task (WCST), 2-Back task และ Stroop color-word task (SCWT) ทางหน้าจอคอมพิวเตอร์ ก่อนและหลังการใช้โปรแกรม พบว่า 1) ค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนความถูกต้อง ในการทำกิจกรรม WCST, 2-Back task และ SCWT ทางหน้าจอคอมพิวเตอร์ของกลุ่มทดลอง หลังการใช้โปรแกรมมากกว่าก่อนการใช้โปรแกรม (p < .01, p < .01 และ p < .01 ตามลำดับ) 2) ค่าเฉลี่ยระยะเวลาการตอบสนอง ในการทำกิจกรรม WCST, 2-Back task และ SCWT ทางหน้าจอคอมพิวเตอร์ของกลุ่มทดลอง หลังการใช้โปรแกรมน้อยกว่าก่อนการใช้โปรแกรม (p < .01, p < .01 และ p < .01 ตามลำดับ) 3) ค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนความถูกต้อง ในการทำกิจกรรม WCST, 2-Back task และ SCWT ทางหน้าจอคอมพิวเตอร์ หลังการใช้โปรแกรมของกลุ่มทดลองมากกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม (F = 11.54, p < .01, h2= .49) และ 4) ค่าเฉลี่ยระยะเวลาการตอบสนอง ในการทำกิจกรรม WCST, 2-Back task และ SCWT ทางหน้าจอคอมพิวเตอร์ หลังการใช้โปรแกรมของกลุ่มทดลองน้อยกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม (F = 20.24, p < .01, h2= .63) ผลการวิจัยแสดงให้เห็นว่าโปรแกรมการออกกำลังกายแบบผสมฤาษีดัดตนและโยคะ สามารถเพิ่มหน้าที่บริหารจัดการของสมองได้ ดังนั้นควรนำไปใช้เป็นทางเลือกใหม่ในการพัฒนาหน้าที่บริหารจัดการของสมองในผู้ใหญ่ตอนต้นต่อไป
เอกสารอ้างอิง
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29. Svatmarama YS. Hatha Yoga Pradipika (Sinh P, Trans.). New Delhi, India: Munshirm Manoharlal Pub. Pvt. Ltd.; 1997.
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32. Kalote ML. Yogic Techniques.(Krivit V, Tungchitmethee J, Trans.). Bangkok: Folk Doctor; 2008. Thai.
33. Supaporn S. Iyengar Yoga Textbook. Bangkok: Feungfa; 2004. Thai.
34. McMillan JH, Schumacher S. Research in Education Evidence-Based Inquiry. 7th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education; 2010.
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36. Saggar M, et al. Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2012; 6(256): 1-14.
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38. Ruscheweyh R, Willemer C, Krüger K, Duning T, Warnecke T, Sommer J, et al. Physical activity and memory function: An Intervention study. Neurobiology of Aging 2016; 16: 1304-1319.
39. Colcombe SJ, Kramer AF. Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A Meta-Analytic Study. Journal of Psychological Science. 2003; 14(2): 189-193.
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43 Gothe NP, Kramer AF, McAuley E. The Effects of an 8-Week Hatha Yoga Intervention on Executive Function in Older Adults. J. Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69(9): 1109–1116.
44 Gothe N, Pontifex MB, Hillman C, McAuley E. The Acute Effects of Yoga on Executive Function. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2013; 10: 488-495.
2. Diamond A. Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology. 2013; 64: 135-168.
3. Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A, Wager TD. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology. 2000; 41: 49-100.
4. Goldberg E. The executive brain. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
5. Baron IS. Neuropsychological evaluation of the child. New York: Oxford University Press; 2004.
6. Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW. Neuropsychological assessment. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2004.
7. Diamond A. The early development of executive functions. In: Bialystok E, Craik F, editors. Lifespan Cognition: Mechanisms of Change. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006. p. 70-95.
8. Diamond A. Normal development of prefrontal cortex from birth to young adulthood: Cognitive functions, anatomy, and biochemistry. Principles of frontal lobe function. 2002: 466-503.
9. Luna B, Garver KE, Urban TA, Lazar NA, Sweeney JA. Maturation of Cognitive Processes from Late Childhood to Adulthood. Child Development. 2004; 75(5): 1357-1372.
10. Center on the Developing Child. InBrief: Executive Function [Internet]. 2016 [update 2016; cited 2016 Oct 5]. Available from: http://www.developingchild.harvard.edu
11. Quach D, Mano KEJ, Alexander K. A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effect of Mindfulness Meditation on Working Memory Capacity in Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2016; 58: 489-496.
12. Gallant SN. Mindfulness meditation practice and executive functioning: Breaking down the benefit. Consciousness and Cognition. 2016; 40: 116-130.
13. Diamond A, Lee K. Interventions and programs demonstrated to aid executive function development in children 4-12 years of age. Science. 2011; 333: 959-964.
14. Albinet CT, Abou-Dest A, Andre N, Audiffren M. Executive functions improvement following a 5-month aquaerobics program in older adults: Role of cardiac vagal control in inhibition performance. Biological Psychology. 2016; 115: 69-77.
15. Colcombe SJ, Kramer AF, McAuley E, Erickson KI, Scalf P. Neurocognitive aging and cardiovascular fitness: recent findings and future directions. J. Mol. Neurosci. 2004; 24(1): 9-14.
16. Yeemin V, Prachakool V. The Barriers for Doing Exercise among Muslim Men in Koo Kwang Sub-district. Journal of exercise and sport science. 2014; 11(1): 1-22. Thai.
17. Polrat N, Siladee K, Prateepkaew N, Chuenmuang A, Okatrat S, Pootkorn W. Related Factors to Student's Exercise at Thammasat University Rangsit Campus. Science and technology journal. 2004; 12(1): 65-71. Thai.
18. Department of Thai traditional and alternative medicine. Yoga teen guide-Self practice. Bangkok: Express transportation organization of Thailand; 2008. Thai.
19. Purohit SP, Pradhan B. Effect of yoga program on executive functions of adolescents dwelling in an orphan home: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 2017; 7: 99-105.
20. Gothe NP, Keswani RK, McAuley E. Yoga practice improves executive function by attenuating stress levels. Biological Psychology. 2016; 121: 109-116.
21. Department of Thai traditional and alternative medicine. The elderly care with Thai traditional medicine and integrated medicine guideline. Bangkok: Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University; 2017. Thai.
22. Phuangphae A, Khaothin J, Ruanthai R. Effects of ascetic exercise on health related physical fitness in female students of Sukhothai business school. Journal of Sports Science and Technology. 2010; 10(1): 163-182. Thai.
23. Burapha P. Rusie Dutton- Thai massage Wat Pho. Bangkok: Thaiquality; 2013. Thai.
24. Campo M, Shiyko MP, Kean MB, Roberts L, Pappas E. Musculoskeletal pain associated with recreational yoga participation: A prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. 2017; 1: 1-6.
25. Warapongpichet P. Yoga for body and mind developing. Bangkok: Active print; 2007. Thai.
26. Traditional medicine school of Wat phra chetuphon vimolmangklararm. Marble inscriptions of herbal formulas at Wat phra chetuphon vimolmangklararm. Bangkok: Numaksorn printing; 2015. Thai.
27. Traditional medicine school of Wat phra chetuphon vimolmangklararm. Rusie Dutton textbook of Wat pho. Bangkok: Numaksorn printing; 2006. Thai.
28. Thai traditional development foundation. 127 Rusie Dutton Thai exercise. Bangkok: Sam charoen panich (Bangkok); 2006. Thai.
29. Svatmarama YS. Hatha Yoga Pradipika (Sinh P, Trans.). New Delhi, India: Munshirm Manoharlal Pub. Pvt. Ltd.; 1997.
30. Svatmarama YS. The Hatha Yoga Pradipika (Akers BD, Trans.). New York: YogaVidya.com; 2002.
31. Iyengar BKS. The Illustrated Light on Yoga. India: HarperCollins Publishers; 2005.
32. Kalote ML. Yogic Techniques.(Krivit V, Tungchitmethee J, Trans.). Bangkok: Folk Doctor; 2008. Thai.
33. Supaporn S. Iyengar Yoga Textbook. Bangkok: Feungfa; 2004. Thai.
34. McMillan JH, Schumacher S. Research in Education Evidence-Based Inquiry. 7th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education; 2010.
35. Compumedics Neuroscan. Offline Analysis of Acquired Data 2009. [Software Manual]. El Paso, TX: Compumedics Neuroscan; 2009.
36. Saggar M, et al. Intensive training induces longitudinal changes in meditation state-related EEG oscillatory activity. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2012; 6(256): 1-14.
37. Luu K, Hall PA. Hatha yoga and executive function: a systematic review. Journal of Alternative and complementary medicine. 2016; 22(2): 125-133.
38. Ruscheweyh R, Willemer C, Krüger K, Duning T, Warnecke T, Sommer J, et al. Physical activity and memory function: An Intervention study. Neurobiology of Aging 2016; 16: 1304-1319.
39. Colcombe SJ, Kramer AF. Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A Meta-Analytic Study. Journal of Psychological Science. 2003; 14(2): 189-193.
40. Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, Kim JS, Prakash R, McAuley E, et al. Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in ageing humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006; 61(11): 1166-1170.
41. Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trends in Neuroscience. 2002; 25: 295-301.
42. Knaepen K, Goekint M, Heyman EM, Meeusen R. Neuroplasticity exercise-induced response of peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a systematic review of experimental studies in human subjects. Sports Med. 2010; 40: 765-801.
43 Gothe NP, Kramer AF, McAuley E. The Effects of an 8-Week Hatha Yoga Intervention on Executive Function in Older Adults. J. Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69(9): 1109–1116.
44 Gothe N, Pontifex MB, Hillman C, McAuley E. The Acute Effects of Yoga on Executive Function. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2013; 10: 488-495.
