Simulated Gastrointestinal System Study of Centella asiatica Extract-loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities
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Published:
Sep 21, 2017
Keywords:
Centella asiatica Simulated gastrointestinal system Nanoparticle Antibacterial activity Antioxidant activity
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to improve antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica in simulated gastrointestinal system. Gelatin one-step and two-step desolvation nanoparticle methods were used to prepare C. asiatica-loaded gelatin nanoparticles (CGNP) on three different ratio of 95% ethanolic C. asiatica crude extracts:Gelatin (1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). One-step CGNP (OSCGNP) was tested on antibacterial activity by using well agar diffusion method with different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 μg/ml) against seven foodborne pathogens and antioxidant activity by using DPPH method. The inhibition zones of OSCGNP showed highly significant effective at concentration of 300 μg/ml in oesophagus-stomach section against E. coli ATCC25822 and B. subtilis respectively. In addition, S. aureus, S. enterica Enteritidis (human), and S. enterica 4,5,12:i:- (human) US clone were strongly inhibited by OSCGNP at concentration of 100 μg/ml. The highest inhibition zone of OSCGNP was 1.00±0.17 cm at pH 2.0 using gelatin one-step desolvation method. The highest antioxidant activity was 22.70±4.69 μg GAE/ml per 10 mg of OSCGNP with ratio of 1:2 occurred in stomach at pH 2.0. Moreover, antioxidant activity of CGNPs (One-step and two-step gelatin nanoparticles) were dropped when they reached duodenum section. The results indicated that CGNPs gave lower antioxidant activity than crude extract.
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Yongsirasawad, K., Yasurin, P., Sanvarinda, P., & Sornritchinchai, N. (2017). Simulated Gastrointestinal System Study of Centella asiatica Extract-loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 10(3). Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ijast/article/view/165632
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References
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[30] C. A. Farrugia and M. J. Groves, “Gelatin behavior in dilute aqueous solution: Designing a nanoparticulate formulation,” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol.51, pp. 643–649, 1999.
[2] S. Rattanakom and P. Yasurin, “Review: Antibacterial, antioxidant and chemical profile of Centella asiatica,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 445–451, 2014.
[3] A. J. Das, “Review on nutritional, medicinal and pharmacological properties of Centella asiatica (Indian pennywort),” Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 216–228, 2011.
[4] P. Bunpo, K. Kataoka, H. Arimochi, H. Nakayama, T. Kuwahara, Y. Bando, K. Izumi, U. Vinitketkumnuen, and Y. Ohnishi, “Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica on azoxymethaneinduced aberrant crypt focus formation and carcinogenesis in the intestines of F344 rats,” Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 42, pp. 1987–1997, 2004.
[5] A. A. Hamid, Z. M. Shah, R. Muse, and S. Mohamed, “Characterization of antioxidative activities of various extracts of Centella asiatica (L) Urban,” Food Chemistry, vol. 77, pp. 465–469, 2002.
[6] T. Hatano, R. Edamatsu, M. Hiramatsu, A. Mori, Y. Fujita, T. Yasuhara, T. Yoshida, and T. Okuda, “Effects of the interaction of tannins with coexisting substances. VI. Effects of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical, and on 1,1-diphynyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical,” Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 2016–2021, 1989.
[7] S. Rattanakom and P. Yasurin, “Chemical profiling of Centella asiatica under different extraction solvents and its antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity,” Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 2453–2459, 2015.
[8] N. Pitinidhipat and P. Yasurin, “Antibacterial activity of Chrysanthemum indicum, Centella asiatica and Andrographis paniculate against Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes under osmotic stress,” Assumption University Journal of Technology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 239–245, 2012.
[9] V. Utami, N. Pitinidhipat, and P. Yasurin, “Antibacterial activity of Chrysanthemum indicum, Centella asiatica and Andrographis paniculate on Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes under low pH stress,” KMITL Science and Technology Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 49–54, 2012.
[10] B. Mamtha, K. Kavitha, K. Srinivasan, and P. Shivananda, “An in-vitro study of the effect of Centella asiatica (Indian pennywort) on enteric pathogens,” Indian Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 41, 2004.
[11] A. Shukla, A. M. Rasik, G. K. Jain, R. Shankar, D. K. Kulshrestha, and B. N. Dhawan, “In-vitro and in-vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 65, pp. 1–11, 1999.
[12] K. Kesornbuakao and P. Yasurin, “The development of Centella asiatica extract-loaded BSA nanoparticles production to improve bioavailability,” Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2425–2434, 2016.
[13] B. Azimi, P. Nourpanah, M. Rabiee, and S. Arbab, “Producing gelatin nanoparticles as delivery system for bovine serum albumin,” Iranian Biomedical Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 34–40, 2014.
[14] Z. Yu, M. Yu, Z. Zhang, G. Hong, and Q. Xiong, “Bovine serum albumin nanoparticles as controlled release carrier for local drug delivery to the inner ear,” Nanoscale Research Letter, vol. 9, no.1, pp. 343, 2014.
[15] X. Xie, Q. Tao, Y. Zou, F. Zhang, M. Guo, Y. Wang, H. Wang, Q. Zhou, and S. Yu, “PLGA nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability of curcumin in rats: Characterization and mechanisms,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 59,no. 17, pp. 9280-9289, 2011.
[16] C. J. Coester, K. Langer, H. V. Briesen, and J. Kreuter, “Gelatin nanoparticles by two step desolvation-a new preparation method, surface modifications and cell uptake,” Journal of Microencapsulation, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 187–193, 2000.
[17] S. Verruck, E. Schwinden Prudêncio, C. R. W. Vieira, E. R. Amante, and R. D. D. M. C. Amboni, “The buffalo minas frescal cheese as a protective matrix of Bifidobacterium BB-12 under in-vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions,” Food Science and Technology, vol. 63, no.2, pp. 1179–1183, 2015.
[18] S. Y. Choi, M. J. Chung, S. J. Lee, J. H. Shin, and N. J. Sung, “N-nitrosamine inhibition by strawberry, garlic, kale, and the effects of nitritescavenging and N-nitrosamine formulation by functional compounds in strawberry and garlic,” Food Control, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 485–491, 2007.
[19] W. Brand-Williams, M. E. Cuvelier, and C. Berset, “Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity,” Lebensmittel- Wissenschaft and Technologie, vol. 28, pp. 25–30, 1995.
[20] V. Ghosh, S. Saranya, A. Mukherjee, and N. Chandrasekaran, “Antibacterial microemulsion prevents sepsis and triggers healing of wound in wistar rats,” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 105, pp. 152–157, 2013.
[21] R. Rajendran, R. Radhai, T. M. Kotresh, and E. Csiszar, “Development of antimicrobial cotton fabrics using herb loaded nanoparticles,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 91, pp. 613–617, 2013.
[22] M. Madigan and J. Martinko, Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11th ed., Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2005.
[23] L. Brown, J . M. Wolf, R. Prados-Rosales, and A. Casadevall, “Through the wall: Extracellular vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi,” Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 620–630, 2015.
[24] N. V. Yanishlieva, E. Marinova, and J. Pokorny, “Natural antioxidant from herb and spices,” European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 108, pp. 776–793, 2006.
[25] D. D. Beer, E. Joubert, W. C. A. Gelderblom, and M. Manley, “Phenolic compounds: A review of their possible role as in-vivo antioxidants in wine,” South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture, vol.23, no. 2, 2002.
[26] D. Huang, B. Ou, and R. L. Prior, “The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 53, pp. 1841–1856, 2005.
[27] J. Laranjinha, O. Vieira, V. Madeira, and L. Almeida, “Two related phenolic antioxidants with opposite effects on vitamin E content in low density lipoproteins oxidized by ferrylmyo-globin: consumption vs regeneration,” Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 323, pp. 373–381, 1995.
[28] S. A. B. E. van Acker, G. P. van Balen, D. J. van den Berg, A. Bast, and W. J. F van der Vijgh, “Influence of iron chelation on the antioxidant activity of flavonoids,” Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 56, pp. 935–943, 1998.
[29] R. Cortis, C. Farrigia, and E. Sinagra, “The influence of pH, temperature and salt concentration on the ethanolic fractionation of dilute gelatin solutions,” Presented at Department of Chemistry, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta, [Online]. Available: http://staff.um.edu.mt/cfar2/Publications/Poster1.pdf.
[30] C. A. Farrugia and M. J. Groves, “Gelatin behavior in dilute aqueous solution: Designing a nanoparticulate formulation,” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol.51, pp. 643–649, 1999.