Metakaolinization Effect on the Thermal and Physiochemical Propperties of Kankara Kaolin
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Published:
Jun 7, 2018
Keywords:
Kaolin Metakaolin Physiochemical Thermal stability
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Abstract
The effect of Metakaolinization on the thermal and physiochemical propperties of Kankara kaolin is presented. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermogravimetric (DTG) scan of Kankara kaolin indicated that kaolin was transformed to metakaolin at temperature above 600°C. The TGA/DTG scan of the metakaolin produced showed that the material was thermally stable at temperature range of 600–900°C. The metakaolin was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) texture analysis. The metakaolin formed was amorphous, having average particle size of 2.5 μm. The specific surface area values of the raw kaolin and the metakaolin formed were 12.95 and 19.38 m2/g respectively. The pore volume values of the raw kaolin and the metakaolin were 0.0038 and 0.0585 cm3/g respectively.
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Salahudeen, N. (2018). Metakaolinization Effect on the Thermal and Physiochemical Propperties of Kankara Kaolin. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 11(2), 127–135. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ijast/article/view/211446
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References
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[22] Z. Zhang, H. Wang, X. Yao, and Y. Zhu, “Effects of halloysite in kaolin on the formation and properties of geopolymers,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 34, pp. 709–715, 2012.
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[27] A.S. Ahmed, N. Salahudeen, C. S. Ajinomoh, H. Hamza, and A. Ohikere, “Studies on mineral and chemical characteristics of pindiga bentonitic clay,” Petroleum Technology Development Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2012.
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[29] R. J. Konwar and M. De, “Effects of synthesis parameters on zeolite templated carbon for hydrogen storage application,” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 175, pp. 16–24, 2013.
[30] P.-Yuan Chen, Tables of Key Lines in X–ray Powder Diffraction Patterns of Minerals in Clays and associated Rocks. Bloomington, Indiana: The state of Indiana, 1977.
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[32] A. K. Panda, B. G. Mishra, D. K. Mishra, and R. K. Singh, “Effect of sulphuric acid treatment on the physico-chemical characteristics of kaolin clay,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 363, pp. 98–104, 2010.
[33] R. Babalola, J. A. Omoleye, S. S. Adefila, F. K. Hymore, and O. A. Ajayi, “Comparative analysis of zeolite Y from Nigerian clay and standard grade,” in Proceeding International Conference on African Development Issues, 2015, pp. 179–182.
[34] M. E. Awad, A. López-Galindo, M. M. El- Rahmany, H. M. El-Desoky, and C. Viseras, “Characterization of egyptian kaolins for healthcare uses,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 135, pp. 176–189, 2017.
[35] J. Aderiye “Characterisation of the Nigerian Kankara kaolinite clay particulates for automobile friction lining material development,” Chemical and Process Engineering Research, vol. 29, pp. 24–33, 2014.
[36] S. A. Abo-El-Enein, M. Heikal, M. S. Amin, and H. H. Negm, “Reactivity of dealuminated kaolin and burnt kaolin using cement kiln dust or hydrated lime as activators,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 47, pp. 1451–1460, 2013.
[37] W. D. Keller, “Flint-clay facies illustrated within one deposit of refractory clay,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 26, pp. 237–243, 1978.
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[40] B. Lanson, D. Beaufort, G. Berger, A. Bauer, A. Cassagnabere, and A. Meunier, “Authigenic kaolin and illitic minerals during burial diagenesis of sandstones: A review,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 37, pp. 1–22, 2002.
[41] M. P. Krekeler, “Improved constraints on sedimentary environments of palygorskite deposits of the Hawthorne formation, Southern Georgia, from a detailed study of a core,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 52, pp. 253–262, 2004.
[42] C. Ma and R. A. Eggleton, “Surface layer types of kaolinite: A high resolution transmission electron microscope study,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 47, pp. 181–191, 1999.
[43] K. Piyapaka, S. Tungkamani, and M. Phongaksorn, “Effect of strong metal support interactions of supported Ni and Ni-Co catalyst on metal dispersion and catalytic activity toward dry methane reforming reaction,” International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 255–259, 2016.
[2] J. C. Hughes, R. J. Gilkes, and R. D. Hart, “Intercalation of reference and soil kaolins in relation to physico-chemical and structural properties,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 45, pp. 24–35, 2009.
[3] J. C. Miranda-Trevino and C. A. Coles, “Kaolinite properties, structure and influence of metal retention on pH,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 23, pp. 133–139, 2003.
[4] N. J. Saikia, D. J. Bharali, P. Sengupta, D. Bordoloi, R. L. Goswamee, P. C. Saikia, and P. C. Borthakur, “Characterization, beneficiation and utilization of a kaolinite clay from Assam, India,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 24, pp. 93–103, 2003.
[5] S. K. Hubadillah, Z. Haruna, M. H. D. Othman, A. F. Ismail, and P. Gani, “Effect of kaolin particle size and loading on the characteristics of kaolin ceramic support prepared via phase inversion technique” Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, vol. 4, pp. 164–177, 2016.
[6] M. Bellotto, A. Gualtieri, G. Artioli, and S. M. Clark, “Kinetic study of the kaolinitemullite reaction sequence, Part I: Kaolinite dehydroxylation,” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol. 22 pp. 207–214, 1995.
[7] L. C. Edomwonyi-Otu, B. O. Aderemi, A. S. Ahmed, N. J. Coville, and M. Maaza, “Influence of thermal treatment on kankara kaolinite,” Opticon, vol. 15, pp. 51–55, 2013.
[8] C. Belver, M. A. Banares, and M. A. Vicente, “Chemical activation of a kaolinite under acid and alkaline conditions,” Chemistry of Materials, vol. 14 pp. 501–506, 2002.
[9] M. I. Khan, H. U . Khan, K. Azizli, S. Sufian, Z. Man, A. A. Siyal, N. Muhammad, and M. F. Rehman, “The pyrolysis kinetics of the conversion of Malaysian kaolin to metakaolin,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 146, pp. 152–161, 2017.
[10] T. P. Dang, B. Chen, and D. Lee, “Application of kaolin-based catalysts in biodiesel production via transesterification of vegetable oils in excess methanol,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 145, pp. 175–181, 2013.
[11] A. Y. Atta, B. Y. Jibril, B. O. Aderemi, and S. S. Adefila, “Preparation of analcime from local kaolin and rice husk ash,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 61 pp. 8–13, 2012.
[12] N. Yang, Z. Zhang, N. Ma, H. Liu, X. Zhan, B. Li, W. Gao, F. Tsai, T. Jiang, C. Chang, T. Chiang, and D. Shi, “Effect of surface modified kaolin on properties of polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride,” Results in Physics, vol. 7, pp. 969–974, 2017.
[13] S. M. A. El-Gamal, M. S. Amin, and M. Ramadan, “Hydration characteristics and compressive strength of hardened cement pastes containing nano-metakaolin,” Housing and Building National Research Center Journal, vol. 13, pp. 114–121, 2017.
[14] G. A. Panagiotis and K. G. Kolovos, “Data on the physical and mechanical properties of soilcrete materials modified with metakaolin,” Data in Brief, vol. 13, pp. 487–497, 2017.
[15] R. Siddique and J. Klaus, “Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 43, pp. 392–400, 2009.
[16] A. M. Rashad, “Metakaolin as cementitious material: History, sources, production and composition–A comprehensive overview,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 41, pp. 303–318, 2013.
[17] M. R. Wang, D. C. Jia, P. G. He, and Y. Zhou, “Influence of calcination temperature of kaolin on the structure and properties of final geopolymer,” Materials Letters, vol. 64, pp. 2551–2554, 2010.
[18] Q. Wan, F. Rao, S. Song, D. F. Cholico-Gonzalez, and N. L. Ortiz, “Combination formation in the reinforcement of metakaolin geopolymers with quartz sand,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 80, pp. 115–122, 2017.
[19] H. Wang, C. Li, Z. Peng, and S. Zhang, “Characterization and thermal behavior of kaolin,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 157–160, 2011.
[20] S. Chandrasekhar, P. Raghavan, G. Sebastian, and A. D. Damodaran, “Brightness improvement studies on ‘kaolin based’ zeolite,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 221–231, 1997.
[21] H. Rahier, J. Wastiels, M. Biesemans, R. Willlem, A. G. Van, and M. B. Van, “Reaction mechanism, kinetics and high temperature transformations of geopolymers,” Journal of Material Science, vol. 42, pp. 2982–2996, 2007.
[22] Z. Zhang, H. Wang, X. Yao, and Y. Zhu, “Effects of halloysite in kaolin on the formation and properties of geopolymers,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 34, pp. 709–715, 2012.
[23] A. Shvarzman, K. Kovler, G. S. Grader, and G. E. Shter, “The effect of dehydroxylation/ amorphization degree on pozzolanic activity of kaolinite,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 33, pp. 405–416, 2003.
[24] B. Fabbri, S. Gualtieri, and C. Leonardi, “Modifications induced by the thermal treatment of kaolin and determination of reactivity of metakaolin,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 73, pp. 2–10, 2013.
[25] B. R. Ilic, A. A. Mitrovic, and L. R. Milicic, “Thermal treatment of kaolin clay to obtain metakaolin,” Hemijska Industrija, vol. 64, pp. 4, pp. 351–356, 2010.
[26] N. Salahudeen, A. S. Ahmed, C. S. Ajinomoh, and H. Hamza, “Surface area enhancement of pindiga bentonitic clay for usage as catalyst support,” Petroleum Technology Development Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 65–73, 2012.
[27] A.S. Ahmed, N. Salahudeen, C. S. Ajinomoh, H. Hamza, and A. Ohikere, “Studies on mineral and chemical characteristics of pindiga bentonitic clay,” Petroleum Technology Development Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2012.
[28] T. Hatakeyama and F. X. Quinn, Thermal Analysis Fundamentals and Applications to Polymer Science, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1999.
[29] R. J. Konwar and M. De, “Effects of synthesis parameters on zeolite templated carbon for hydrogen storage application,” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 175, pp. 16–24, 2013.
[30] P.-Yuan Chen, Tables of Key Lines in X–ray Powder Diffraction Patterns of Minerals in Clays and associated Rocks. Bloomington, Indiana: The state of Indiana, 1977.
[31] A. O. Ajayi, A. Y. Atta, B. O. Aderemi, and S. S. Adefila, “Novel method of metakaolin dealumination - preliminary investigation,” Journal of Applied Sciences Research, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1539–1546, 2010.
[32] A. K. Panda, B. G. Mishra, D. K. Mishra, and R. K. Singh, “Effect of sulphuric acid treatment on the physico-chemical characteristics of kaolin clay,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 363, pp. 98–104, 2010.
[33] R. Babalola, J. A. Omoleye, S. S. Adefila, F. K. Hymore, and O. A. Ajayi, “Comparative analysis of zeolite Y from Nigerian clay and standard grade,” in Proceeding International Conference on African Development Issues, 2015, pp. 179–182.
[34] M. E. Awad, A. López-Galindo, M. M. El- Rahmany, H. M. El-Desoky, and C. Viseras, “Characterization of egyptian kaolins for healthcare uses,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 135, pp. 176–189, 2017.
[35] J. Aderiye “Characterisation of the Nigerian Kankara kaolinite clay particulates for automobile friction lining material development,” Chemical and Process Engineering Research, vol. 29, pp. 24–33, 2014.
[36] S. A. Abo-El-Enein, M. Heikal, M. S. Amin, and H. H. Negm, “Reactivity of dealuminated kaolin and burnt kaolin using cement kiln dust or hydrated lime as activators,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 47, pp. 1451–1460, 2013.
[37] W. D. Keller, “Flint-clay facies illustrated within one deposit of refractory clay,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 26, pp. 237–243, 1978.
[38] W. D. Keller and R. P. Stevens, “Physical arrangement of high-alumina clay types in a Missouri clay deposit and implications for their genesis,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 31, pp. 422–434, 1983.
[39] G. Lombardi, J. D. Russell, and W. D. Keller, “Compositional and structural variations in the size fractions of a sedimentary and a hydrothermal kaolin,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 35, pp. 321–335, 1987.
[40] B. Lanson, D. Beaufort, G. Berger, A. Bauer, A. Cassagnabere, and A. Meunier, “Authigenic kaolin and illitic minerals during burial diagenesis of sandstones: A review,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 37, pp. 1–22, 2002.
[41] M. P. Krekeler, “Improved constraints on sedimentary environments of palygorskite deposits of the Hawthorne formation, Southern Georgia, from a detailed study of a core,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 52, pp. 253–262, 2004.
[42] C. Ma and R. A. Eggleton, “Surface layer types of kaolinite: A high resolution transmission electron microscope study,” Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 47, pp. 181–191, 1999.
[43] K. Piyapaka, S. Tungkamani, and M. Phongaksorn, “Effect of strong metal support interactions of supported Ni and Ni-Co catalyst on metal dispersion and catalytic activity toward dry methane reforming reaction,” International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 255–259, 2016.