Fire-retardant Paper Based on Montmorillonite and Oil Palm Trunk Fibres
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Published:
Dec 19, 2019
Keywords:
Fire-retardant paper Montmorillonite Cellulose fibres Carboxymethyl cellulose
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Abstract
Fire-retardant paper was prepared by mixing of Montmorillonite (MTM), Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Cellulose Fibres (CF) isolated from oil palm trunk biomass by alkaline treatment. The mixtures of dispersed CMC, MTM and CF with various ratios were stirred for 24 h, then casted and dried to form paper. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Their mechanical and fire retardance properties were also evaluated. The CMC50 : MTM50 paper with CF (12 phr) was the proper ratio according to the good of flame-retardant testing and maximum tensile testing at 24.7 MPa and Young’s Modulus at 13.7 MPa.
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Chotisuwan, S., Wannarit, K., Kaewna, P., Kardae, S., Chaisuksan, Y., & Roumcharoen, J. (2019). Fire-retardant Paper Based on Montmorillonite and Oil Palm Trunk Fibres. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 12(4), 277–285. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ijast/article/view/232599
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References
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[4] V. Nagy, K. Halász, M.-T. Carayon, I. A. Gural’skiy, S. Tricard, G. Molnár, A. Bousseksou, L. Salmon, and L. Csóka, “Cellulose fiber nanocomposites displaying spin-crossover properties,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 456, pp. 35–40, Aug. 2014.
[5] S. Thanomchat, K. Srikulkit, B. Suksut, and A. K. Schlarb “Morphology and crystallization of polypropylene/microfibrillated cellulose composites,” International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 23–34, Oct. 2014.
[6] A. Liu, A. Walther, O. Ikkala, L. Belova, and L. A. Berglund, “Clay nanopaper with tough cellulose nanofiber matrix for fire retardancy and gas barrier functions,” Biomacromolecules, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 633–641, Mar. 2011.
[7] A. Liu and L. A. Berglund, “Fire-retardant and ductile clay nanopaper biocomposites based on montmorrilonite in matrix of cellulose nanofibers and carboxymethyl cellulose,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 49, pp. 940–949, Apr. 2013.
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[9] J. Zhuge, J. Gou, R.-H. Chen, A. Gordon, J. Kapat, D. Hart, and C. Ibeh, “Fire retardant evaluation of carbon nanofiber/graphite nanoplatelets nanopaper-based coating under different heat fluxes,” Composites: Part B, vol. 43, pp. 3293–3305, Dec. 2012.
[10] L. Segal, J. J. Creely, A. E. Martin, and C. M. Conrad, “An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer,” Textile Research Journal, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 786–794, Oct. 1959.
[11] F. Carosio, J. Kochumalayil, F. Cuttica, G. Camino, and L. Berglund, “Oriented clay nanopaper from biobased components-mechanisms for superior fire protection properties,” Applied Materials and Interfaces, vol. 7, pp. 5847–5856, Mar. 2015.
[12] M. Wada, L. Heux, and J. Sugiyama, “Poly morphism of cellulose I family: Reinvestigation of cellulose IVI,” Biomacro-molecules, vol. 5, pp. 1385–1391, Jul. 2004.
[13] Y. Nishiyama, P. Langan, and H. Chanzy, “Crystal structure and hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose Iβ from synchrotron X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 124, no. 31, pp. 9074–9082, Aug. 2002.
[14] J. Lamaming, R. Hashim, O. Sulaiman, C. P. Leh, T. Sugimoto, and N. A. Nordin, “Cellulose nanocrystals isolated from oil palm trunk,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 127, pp. 202–208, Aug. 2015.
[15] M. Ul-Islam, T. Khan, J. K. Park, “Nano reinforced bacterial cellulose-montmorillonite composites for biomedical applications,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 89, pp. 1189–1197, Aug. 2012.
[16] Y. Song, D. A. Hagen, S. Qin, K. M. Holder, K. Falke, and J. C. Grunlan, “Edge charge neutralization of clay for improved oxygen gas barrier in multilayer nanobrick wall thin films,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 8, no. 50, pp. 3478–3479, Nov. 2016.
[17] W. Tongdeesoontorn, L. J. Mauer, S. Wongruong, P. Sriburi, and P. Rachtanapun, “Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose concentrationon physical properties of biodegradable cassava starch-based films,” Chemistry Central Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2011.
[18] S. Abend and G. Lagaly, “Sol–gel transitions of sodium montmorillonite dispersions,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 16, pp. 201–227, Mar. 2000.