Effect of Curing Time on Bond Strength between Reinforcement and Fly-ash Geopolymer Concrete
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Published:
Apr 13, 2020
Keywords:
Bond strength Deformed bar Concrete Fly-ash based geopolymer Curing time
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Abstract
This paper focuses on showing the effect of curing time on the bond strength between reinforcement and flyash geopolymer concrete. Various parameters are varied to compare between ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete and Class C fly-ash geopolymer concrete (GPC). These concretes are designed to have two different compressive strengths, and each of them is cured at 28 and 56 days. The diameter of reinforcement is selected as 12 and 16 mm with deformed type. From the study, it is found that the bond strength increase with increasing the compressive strength, while with decreasing the diameter of reinforcement, as expected. The bond strength of OPC embedded with smaller reinforcement is more sensitive to the increase of the curing time. However, its bond strength is significantly less sensitive to the compressive strength. The bond strength of GPC with higher design compressive strength is more sensitive to the increase of the curing time. However, its bond strength is significantly less sensitive to the diameter of reinforcement.
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Petcherdchoo, A., Hongubon, T., Thanasisathit, N., Punthutaecha, K., & Jang, S.-H. (2020). Effect of Curing Time on Bond Strength between Reinforcement and Fly-ash Geopolymer Concrete. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 13(2), 127–135. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ijast/article/view/240598
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References
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[13] A. Petcherdchoo, “Service life and environmental impact due to repairs by metakaolin concrete after chloride attack,” Rilem Bookseries, vol. 10, pp. 35–41, 2015.
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[26] J. S. Kim and J. H. Park, “An experimental evaluation of development length of reinforcements embedded in geopolymer concrete,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 578–579, pp. 441–444, 2014.
[27] Z. Dahou, A. Castel, and A. Noushini, “Prediction of the steel-concrete bond strength from the compressive strength of Portland cement and geopolymer concretes,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 119, pp. 329–342, 2016.
[28] C. Boopalan and N. P. Rajamane, “An investigation of bond strength of reinforcing bars in fly ash and GGBS based geopolymer concrete,” MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 97, pp. 1–12, 2017.
[29] P. Pavithra, M. S. Reddy, P. Dinakar, B. H. Rao, B. K. Satpathy, and A. N. Mohanty, “A mix design procedure for geopolymer concrete with fly ash,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 133, pp. 117–125, 2016.
[30] RILEM, “Essai portant sur l'adhérence des armatures du béton: Essai par traction,” Materials and Structures, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 175–178, 1970.
[31] M. Albitar, P. Visintin, M. S. M. Ali, O. Lavigne, and E. Gamboa, “Bond slip models for uncorroded and corroded steel reinforcement in class-f fly ash geopolymer concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 04016186-1 –04016186-10, 2017.
[32] Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM C39/39M-15a, ASTM, PA, 2015.
[33] I. I. Akinwumi and Z. O. Gbadamosi, “Effects of curing condition and curing period on the compressive strength development of plain concrete,” International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 83– 99, 2014.
[34] A. Wardhono, C. Gunasekara, D. W. Law, and S. Setunge, “Comparison of long term performance between alkali activated slag and fly ash geopolymer concretes,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 143, pp. 272–279, 2017.
[35] ACI Committee 408, “Bond and development of straight reinforcing bars in tension,” ACI, Farmington Hills, USA, Rep. ACI 408R-03, 2003.
[2] D. W. S. Ho, S. L. Mak, and K. K. Sagoe-Crentsil, “Clean concrete construction. An australian perspective,” in Proceedings of Concrete Technology for a Sustainable Development in the 21st Century, 2015, pp. 237–245.
[3] J. S. Damtoft, J. Lukasik, D. Herfort, D. Sorrentino, and E. M. Gartner, “Sustainable development and climate change initiatives,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 38, pp. 115–127, 2018.
[4] A. Petcherdchoo, “Sensitivity of service life extension and CO2 emission due to repairs by silane treatment applied on concrete structures under time-dependent chloride attack,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2018, pp. 1–10, 2018.
[5] A. Petcherdchoo, “Life cycles of structures: Environmental impacts,” The Journal of King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 696–701, 2011 (in Thai).
[6] R. M. Andrew, “Global CO2 emissions from cement production,” Earth System Science Data, vol. 10, pp. 2213–2239, 2018.
[7] A. Petcherdchoo, “Probability-based sensitivity of service life of chloride-attacked concrete structures with multiple cover concrete repairs,” Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. 2018, pp. 1–17, 2018.
[8] A. Petcherdchoo and P. Chindaprasirt, “Exponentially aging functions coupled with time-dependent chloride transport model for predicting service life of surface-treated concrete in tidal zone,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 120, pp. 1–12, 2019.
[9] A. Petcherdchoo, “Closed-form solutions for modeling chloride transport in unsaturated concrete under wet-dry cycles of chloride attack,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 176, pp. 638–651, 2018.
[10] K. Sakai, “Environmental design for concrete structures,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 17–28, 2005.
[11] K. H. Mo, U. J. Alengaram, and M. Z. Jumaat, “Structural performance of reinforced geopolymer concrete members: A review,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 120, pp. 251–264, 2016.
[12] P. K. Sarker, “Bond strength of reinforcing steel embedded in fly ash-based geopolymer concrete,” Materials and Structures, vol. 44, pp. 1021–1030, 2011.
[13] A. Petcherdchoo, “Service life and environmental impact due to repairs by metakaolin concrete after chloride attack,” Rilem Bookseries, vol. 10, pp. 35–41, 2015.
[14] A. Petcherdchoo, “Closed-form solutions for bilinear surface chloride functions applied to concrete exposed to deicing salts,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 102, pp. 136–148, 2017.
[15] B. B. Sabir, S. Wild, and J. Bai, “Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: A review,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 23, pp. 441–454, 2001.
[16] A. Petcherdchoo, “Repairs by fly ash concrete to extend service life of chloride-exposed concrete structures considering environmental impacts,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 98, pp. 799–809, 2015.
[17] M. Ahmaruzzaman, “A review on the utilization of fly ash,” Progress in Energy Combustion Science, vol. 3, pp. 327–363, 2010.
[18] H. Hilsdorf and J. Kropp, “Chloride in concrete,” in Performance Criteria for Concrete Durability, Florida: CRC Press, 1995, pp. 138–164.
[19] W. Chalee, C. Jaturapitakkul, and P. Chindaprasert, “Predicting the chloride penetration of fly ash concrete in seawater,” Marine Structures, vol. 22, pp. 341–53, 2009.
[20] J. Davidovits, “Geopolymer chemistry and applications,” in Proceedings of Geopolymer '88, Geopolymer Chemistry, 1988, pp. 25–48.
[21] G. Görhan, R. Aslaner, and O. Şinik, “The effect of curing on the properties of metakaolin and fly ash-based geopolymer paste,” Composites Part B, vol. 97, pp. 329–335, 2016.
[22] P. Duxson, A. Fernandez-Jimenez, L. Provis, G. C. Lukey, A. Palomo, and J. S. J. van Deventer, “Geolpolymer technology: The current state of the art,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 42, pp. 2917–2933, 2007.
[23] G. Maranan, A. Manalo, K. Karunasena, and B. Benmokrane, “Bond stress-slip behavior: Case of GFRP bars in geopolymer concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2015.
[24] M. Soutsos, A. P. Boyle, R. Vinai, A. Hadjierakleous, and S. J. Barnett, “Factors influencing the compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymers,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 110, pp. 355–368, 2016.
[25] A. Castel and S. J. Foster, “Bond strength between blended slag and Class F fly ash geopolymer concrete with steel reinforcement,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 72, pp. 48–53, 2015.
[26] J. S. Kim and J. H. Park, “An experimental evaluation of development length of reinforcements embedded in geopolymer concrete,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 578–579, pp. 441–444, 2014.
[27] Z. Dahou, A. Castel, and A. Noushini, “Prediction of the steel-concrete bond strength from the compressive strength of Portland cement and geopolymer concretes,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 119, pp. 329–342, 2016.
[28] C. Boopalan and N. P. Rajamane, “An investigation of bond strength of reinforcing bars in fly ash and GGBS based geopolymer concrete,” MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 97, pp. 1–12, 2017.
[29] P. Pavithra, M. S. Reddy, P. Dinakar, B. H. Rao, B. K. Satpathy, and A. N. Mohanty, “A mix design procedure for geopolymer concrete with fly ash,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 133, pp. 117–125, 2016.
[30] RILEM, “Essai portant sur l'adhérence des armatures du béton: Essai par traction,” Materials and Structures, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 175–178, 1970.
[31] M. Albitar, P. Visintin, M. S. M. Ali, O. Lavigne, and E. Gamboa, “Bond slip models for uncorroded and corroded steel reinforcement in class-f fly ash geopolymer concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 04016186-1 –04016186-10, 2017.
[32] Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM C39/39M-15a, ASTM, PA, 2015.
[33] I. I. Akinwumi and Z. O. Gbadamosi, “Effects of curing condition and curing period on the compressive strength development of plain concrete,” International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 83– 99, 2014.
[34] A. Wardhono, C. Gunasekara, D. W. Law, and S. Setunge, “Comparison of long term performance between alkali activated slag and fly ash geopolymer concretes,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 143, pp. 272–279, 2017.
[35] ACI Committee 408, “Bond and development of straight reinforcing bars in tension,” ACI, Farmington Hills, USA, Rep. ACI 408R-03, 2003.