Genetic Diversity of Saccostrea forskali Rock Oyster in the Gulf of Thailand
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Published:
Apr 13, 2020
Keywords:
Rock oyster Saccostrea forskali Microsatellite Bioindicator Aquatic pollution
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Abstract
Located in the tropical region, many oysters are widely distributed near-shore in the shallow water along the Gulf of Thailand. Rock oyster, Saccostrea forskali, is commonly found attached to the rocks along the beach. In order to fully utilize them as bioindicators of aquatic pollution, in this study, the genetic diversity and distribution of S. forskali was assessed by using microsatellite markers. A total of 240 S. forskali oyster samples were collected from eight locations in seven provinces along the Gulf of Thailand including Trat, Chanthaburi, Rayong, Chon Buri, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan (two locations) and Chumphon, and were analyzed based on eleven microsatellite loci developed from oyster species. The average number of amplified DNA bands per locus varied between one to four bands. The observed heterozygosity of oyster populations ranged from 0.365 to 0.523 while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.537 and 0.597. The genetic differentiation between populations was high, suggestive of isolated populations with very low gene flow. By regular monitoring of the genetic diversities of these S. forskali populations, emerging environment threats could be efficiently detected before more catastrophic damages would occur.
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Krabuansang, K., Swatdipong, A., Samipak, S., & Beckles, D. M. (2020). Genetic Diversity of Saccostrea forskali Rock Oyster in the Gulf of Thailand. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 13(2), 158–165. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ijast/article/view/240601
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References
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[2] N. Khatri and S. Tyagi, “Influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on surface and groundwater quality in rural and urban areas,” Frontiers in Life Science, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 23–39, 2015.
[3] B. Joanna, “Bioindicators: Types, development, and use in ecological assessment and research,” Environmental Bioindicators, vol. 1, pp. 22–39, 2006.
[4] J. W. Bickham, S. Sandhu, P. D. Hebert, L. Chikhi, and R. Athwal, “Effects of chemical contaminants on genetic diversity in natural populations: Implications for biomonitoring and ecotoxicology,” Mutation Research, vol. 463, no. 1, pp. 33–51, 2000.
[5] T. K. Parmer, D. Rawtani, and Y. K. Agrawal, “Bioindicators: The natural indicator of environmental pollution,” Frontiers in Life Science, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 110–118, 2016.
[6] H. W. Harry, “Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae),” Veliger, vol. 28, pp. 121–158, 1985.
[7] W. Yoosukh and T. Duangdee, “Living oysters in Thailand,” Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin, vol. 19, pp. 367–370, 1999.
[8] S. Klinbunga, P. Ampayup, A. Tassanakajon, P. Jarayabhand, and W. Yoosukh, “Development of species-specific markers of the tropical oyster (Crassostrea belcheri) in Thailand,” Marine Biotechnology, vol. 2, pp. 476–484, 2000.
[9] S. Bussarawit, T. Cedhagen, Y. Shirayama, and K. Torigoe, Field Guide to the Oyster Fauna of Thailand. Kyoto, Japan: Kyoto University Press, 2010, pp. 6–36.
[10] B. H. Ridzwan, M. Hanani, M. P. S. Norshuhadaa, Z. H. Hanis, and T. S. H. Aileen, “Screening for aphrodisiac property in local oyster of Crassostrea iredalei,” World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1546–1551, 2013.
[11] K. Chalermwat, B. W. Szuster, and M. Flaherty, “Shellfish aquaculture in Thailand,” Aquaculture Economics & Management, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 249– 261, 2003.
[12] B. W. Szuster, K. Chalermwat, M. Flaherty, and P. Intacharoen, “Peri-urban oyster farming in the upper gulf of Thailand,” Aquaculture Economics & Management, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 268–288, 2008.
[13] S. Klinbunga, B. Khamnamtong, A. Tassanakajon, N. Puanglarp, P. Jarayabhand, and W. Yoosukh, “Molecular genetic identification tools for three commercially cultured oysters (Crassostrea belcheri, Crassostrea iredalei, and Saccostrea cucullata) in Thailand,” Marine Biotechnology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 27–36, 2003.
[14] S. Bussarawit and T. Cedhagen, “Larvae of commercial and other oyster species in Thailand (Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand),” Steenstrupia, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 95–16, 2012.
[15] Department of Fiseries, “Fisheriesstatistics of Thailand (no. 5),” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.fisheries.go.th/strategy-stat/ document-public
[16] R. K. Wallace, P. Waters, and F. S. Rikard, “Oyster Hatchery Techniques,” 2008. [Online]. Available: https://agrilifecdn.tamu.edu/fisheries/ files/2013/09/SRAC-Publication-No.-4302-Oyster- Hatchery-Techniques.pdf
[17] P. Brohmanonda, K. Mutarasint, T. Chongpeepien, and S. amornjaruchit, “Oyster culture in Thailand,” in Bivalve Mollusc Culture Research in Thailand, E. W. McCoy, and T. Chongpeepien, Ed. Manila, Philippines: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1988, pp. 31–39.
[18] S. Klinbunga, B. Khamnamtong, N. Puanglarp, P. Jarayabhand, W. Yoosukh, and P. Menasveta, “Molecular taxonomy of cupped oysters (Crassostrea, Saccostrea, and Striostrea) in Thailand Based on COI, 16S, and 18S rDNA polymorphism,” Marine Biotechnology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 306–317, 2005.
[19] B. Fertig, T. J. B. Carruthers, W. C. Dennison, A. B. Jones, F. Pantus, and B. Longstaff, “Oyster and macroalgae bioindicators detect elevated δ15N in Maryland’s coastal bays,” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 32, pp. 773–786, 2009.
[20] B. Fertig, T. J. B. Carruthers, and W. C. Dennison, “Oyster δ15N as a bioindicator of potential wastewater and poultry farming impacts and degraded water quality in a subestuary of Chesapeake bay,” Journal of Coastal Research, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 881–892, 2014.
[21] A. H. Chaffai, “Usefulness of bioindicators and biomarkers in pollution biomonitoring,” International Journal of Biotechnology for Wellness Industries, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 19–26, 2014.
[22] G. G. N. Thushari, J. D. M. Senevirathna, A. Yakupitiyage, and S. Chavanich, “Effects of microplastics on sessile invertebrates in the eastern coast of Thailand: An approach to coastal zone conservation,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 349–355, 2017.
[23] S. Klinbunga, P. Ampayup, A. Tassanakajon, P. Jarayabhand, and W. Yoosukh, “Genetic diversity and molecular markers of cupped oysters (Genera Crassostrea, Saccostrea, and Striostrea) in Thailand revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis,” Marine Biotechnology, vol. 3, pp. 133–144, 2001.
[24] B. A. Ali, T. H. Huang, D. N. Qin, and X. M. Wang, “A review of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in fish research,” Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, vol. 14, pp. 443– 453, 2004.
[25] N. Kumari and S. K. Thakur, “Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-A brief review,” American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 6–13, 2014.
[26] G. Miah, M. Y. Rafii, M. R. Ismail, A. B. Puteh, H. A. Rahim, K .N. Islam, and M. A. Latif, “A review of microsatellite markers and their applications in rice breeding programs to improve blast disease resistance,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 14, pp. 22499–22528, 2013.
[27] S. Natenuch, C. Nguyen, C. Jantasuriyarat, and S. Samipak, “Transferability of microsatellite markers from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to seven cultivated cucurbit crops,” Applied Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 86– 93, 2020.
[28] S. C. Banks, M. P. Piggott, D. A. Raftos, and L. B. Beheregaray, “Microsatellite markers for the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, a commercially important bivalve in southeastern Australia,” Molecular Ecology Notes, vol. 6, pp. 856–858, 2006.
[29] A. Huvet, P. Boudry, M. Ohresser, C. Delsert, and F. Bonhomme, “Variable microsatellites in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and other cupped oyster species,” Animal Genetics, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 71–72, 2000.
[30] T. Koressaar and M. Remm, “Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3,” Bioinformatics, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1289–1291, 2007.
[31] A. Untergasser, I. Cutcutache, T. Koressaar, J. Ye, B. C. Faircloth, M. Remm, and S. G. Rozen, “Primer3 - new capabilities and interfaces,” Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 40, no. 15, pp. 1–12, 2012.
[32] A. Supikamolseni1, N. Ngaoburanawit, M. Sumontha, L. Chanhome, S. Suntrarachun, S. Peyachoknagul, and K. Srikulnath, “Molecular barcoding of venomous snakes and speciesspecific multiplex PCR assay to identify snake groups for which antivenom is available in Thailand,” Genetics and Molecular Research, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 13981–13997, 2015.
[33] M. Nei, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. New York: Wiley-Liss Inc, 1987.
[34] D. Botstein, R. L. White, M. Skolnick, and R. W. Davis, “Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms,” American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 314–331, 1980.
[35] S. D. E. Park, “Excel Microsatellite Toolkit. Computer program and documentation distributed by the author,” 2008. [Online]. Availabal:http:// animalgenomics.ucd.ie/sdepark/ms-toolkit/
[36] B. S. Weir and C. C. Cockerham, “Estimating Fstatistics for the analysis of population structure,” Evolution, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1358–1370, 1984.
[37] J. Goudet, “FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9.3.2),” 2001. [Online]. Available: http://www. unil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.html
[38] M. Raymond and F. Rousset, “GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism,” Journal of Heredity, vol. 86, pp. 248–249, 1995.
[39] F. Rousset, “Genepop'007: A complete reimplementation of the Genepop software for Windows and Linux,” Molecular Ecology Resources, vol. 8, pp. 103–106, 2008.
[40] R. O. Jones and J. Wang, “COLONY: A program for parentage and sibship inference from multilocus genotype data,” Molecular Ecology Resources, vol. 10, pp. 551–555, 2010.