Cleaner Environment Approach by the Utilization of Low Calcium Wood Ash in Geopolymer Concrete
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Published:
Oct 20, 2021
Keywords:
Waste wood ash Green geopolymer concrete Dynamic modulus of elasticity K2O SEM
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Abstract
The waste disposal issues were the most severe problems that could cause global warming, which depletes the environment. The research hypothesis was to find the suitability and sustainability of utilizing the waste by-products in the invention of green geopolymer concrete to eliminate the tremendous effects caused by the wastes. Due to the increased demand for fly ash in recent years, the requirement of high alkaline activators, and elevated temperature for curing, there was a research gap to find an alternative binder. The novelty of this research was to utilize the waste wood ash, which is available plenty in nearby hotels and has an inbuilt composition of high potassium that can act as a self alkaline activator. Waste wood ash procured from the local hotels was replaced with fly ash by 0 to 100% at 10% intervals. The setting and mechanical characteristics were found on the prolonged ages to understand the influence of waste wood ash. Microstructural characterization was found using Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis to define the impact of waste wood ash in the microstructure. The research findings showed that replacing 30% waste wood ash with fly ash attained better performance in setting properties and all mechanical parameters. The obtained optimum mix could provide the best alternative for fly ash in geopolymer to eliminate the economic thrust by the requirement of alkaline activators and deploy the environmental impact caused by the waste wood ash.
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Arunkumar, K., Muthukannan, M., Kumar, A. S., Ganesh, A. C., & Devi, R. K. (2021). Cleaner Environment Approach by the Utilization of Low Calcium Wood Ash in Geopolymer Concrete. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2021.06.005
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References
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[10] A. Verma, K. Baurai, M. R. Sanjay, and S. Siengchin, “Mechanical, microstructural, and thermal characterization insights of pyrolyzed carbon black from waste tires reinforced epoxy nanocomposites for coating application,” Polymer Composites, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 338–349, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1002/pc.25373.
[11] A. Verma, P. Negi, and V. K. Singh, “Experimental analysis on carbon residuum transformed epoxy resin: Chicken feather fiber hybrid composite,” Polymer Composites, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 2690– 2699, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1002/pc.25067.
[12] D. N. Huntzinger and T. D. Eatmon, “A life-cycle assessment of portland cement manufacturing: Comparing the traditional process with alternative technologies,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 668–675, May 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.04.007.
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[15] G. A. Chithambar and M. Muthukannan, “Investigation on the glass fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete made of M-sand,” Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 501–512, 2019.
[16] M. C. Vu, T. Satomi, and H. Takahashi, “Influence of initial water, moisture, and geopolymer content on geopolymer modified sludge,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 235, p. 117420, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117420.
[17] A. Verma and V. K. Singh, “Mechanical, microstructural and thermal characterization of epoxy-based human hair–reinforced composites,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, vol. 47, no. 2, p. 20170063, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1520/ JTE20170063.
[18] V. K. Yadav and M. H. Fulekar, “The current scenario of thermal power plants and fly ash: Production and utilization with a focus in India,” International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, vol. 5, no.4, Apr. 2018.
[19] A. C. Ganesh and D. M. Muthukannan, “A review of recent developments in geopolymer concrete,” International Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 696–699, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.25061.
[20] Y. H. M. Amran, R. Alyousef, H. Alabduljabbar, and M. El-Zeadani, “Clean production and properties of geopolymer concrete: A review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 251. p. 119679, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119679.
[21] S. Y. Oderji, B. Chen, M. R. Ahmad, and S. F. A. Shah, “Fresh and hardened properties of one-part fly ash-based geopolymer binders cured at room temperature: Effect of slag and alkali activators,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 225, pp. 1–10, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro. 2019.03.290.
[22] P. Zhang, Z. Gao, J. Wang, J. Guo, S. Hu, and Y. Ling, “Properties of fresh and hardened fly ash/slag based geopolymer concrete: A review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 270, p. 122389, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122389.
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