Influence of Incident Energy on Sisal/Epoxy Composite Subjected to Low Velocity Impact and Damage Characterization Using Ultrasonic C-Scan
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Published:
Oct 20, 2021
Keywords:
Sisal Drop weight impact Impact damage Ultrasonic C-scan Damage area
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Abstract
Impact resistance is an inevitable characteristic of the composites employed in the high performance structural applications. Due to the growing interest in the use of sisal fibre as reinforcement in the polymer composites, it is required to determine the response of sisal/epoxy composites to low velocity impact at high incident energies where perforation can occur and assess the damage characteristics using a non-destructive technique. In this work, sisal/epoxy composites were subjected to drop weight impact in the velocity range of 3 m/s to 5 m/s at different energy levels between 20 J to 50 J according to the ASTM D7136. Based on the results observed, it is concluded that both the peak load and absorbed energy increased with the increasing incident energy level up to 40 J. At 50 J, perforation occurred and the maximum deformation was approximately 22 mm for the sisal/ epoxy composite. Damage characteristics and failure behaviour of the composite at different incident energies was examined from the visual images of the front and back face of the composite. The quantitative assessment of crack propagation in the sisal/epoxy composite and the damage area were determined from the ultrasonic C-scan images of the sample post impact at various energy levels.
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Mahesh, S., Chandrasekar, M., Asokan, R., Mouli, Y. C., Sridhar, K., Krishna Vamsi, V. V., Varma, M. D., & Venkatanarayanan, P. S. (2021). Influence of Incident Energy on Sisal/Epoxy Composite Subjected to Low Velocity Impact and Damage Characterization Using Ultrasonic C-Scan. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2021.07.005
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Research Articles
References
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[19] I. Fahmi, M. S. A. Majid, M. Afendi, E. A. Helmi, and J. A. M. Haameem, “Low-velocity impact responses of Napier fibre/polyester composites,” International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 13, p. 3226, 2016.
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[21] V. Fiore, T. Scalici, F. Sarasini, J. Tirilló, and L. Calabrese, “Salt-fog spray aging of jute-basalt reinforced hybrid structures: Flexural and low velocity impact response,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 116, pp. 99–112, 2017.
[22] C. S. Kumar, V. Arumugam, H. N. Dhakal, and R. John, “Effect of temperature and hybridisation on the low velocity impact behavior of hemp-basalt/ epoxy composites,” Composite Structures, vol. 125, pp. 407–416, 2015.
[23] T. Segreto, R. Teti, and V. Lopresto, “Nondestructive testing of low-velocity impacted composite material laminates through ultrasonic inspection methods,” in Characterizations of Some Composite Materials. London: IntechOpen, 2018, pp. 45–66.
[24] I. Papa, V. Lopresto, G. Simeoli, A. Langella, and P. Russo, “Ultrasonic damage investigation on woven jute/poly (lactic acid) composites subjected to low velocity impact,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 115, pp. 282–288, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.076.
[2] S. M. Rangappa, S. Siengchin, and H. N. Dhakal “Green-composites: Ecofriendly and sustainability,” Applied Science and Engineering Progress, vol 13, no. 3, pp. 183–184, 2020, doi: 10.14416/j.asep. 2020.06.001.
[3] M. M. Kabir, H. Wang, K. T. Lau, and F. Cardona, “Chemical treatments on plant-based natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: An overview,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 2883–2892, 2012.
[4] S. H. S. M. Fadzullah, S. N. N. Ramli, Z. Mustafa, A. S. Razali, D. Sivakumar, and I. Ismail, “Low velocity impact behaviour of pineapple leaf fibre reinforced polylactic acid biocomposites,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2020.
[5] T. Q. T. Hoang and F. Touchard, “Non-woven flax fibre reinforced polypropylene: Static and low velocity impact behaviour,” Polymers and Polymer Composites, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 287–298, 2013.
[6] C. Scarponi, F. Sarasini, J. Tirillo, L. Lampani, T. Valente, and P. Gaudenzi, “Low-velocity impact behaviour of hemp fibre reinforced bio-based epoxy laminates,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 91, pp. 162–168, 2016.
[7] H. N. Dhakal, Z. Y. Zhang, M. O. W. Richardson, and O. A. Z. Errajhi, “The low velocity impact response of non-woven hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites,” Composite Structures, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 559–567, 2007.
[8] H. N. Dhakal, Z. Y. Zhang, N. Bennett, and P. N. B. Reis, “Low-velocity impact response of non-woven hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: Influence of impactor geometry and impact velocity,” Composite Structures, vol. 94, no. 9, pp. 2756–2763, 2012.
[9] A. R. A. Hani, M. S. Hashim, T. Y. Lim, M. Mariatti, and R. Ahmad, “Impact behaviour of woven coir-epoxy composite: Effects of woven density and woven fabric treatment,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 240–251, 2016.
[10] H. N. Dhakal, M. Skrifvars, K. Adekunle, and Z. Y. Zhang, “Falling weight impact response of jute/methacrylated soybean oil bio-composites under low velocity impact loading,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 92, pp. 134–141, 2014.
[11] H. N. Dhakal, V. Arumugam, A. Aswinraj, C. Santulli, Z. Y. Zhang, and A. Lopez-Arraiza, “Influence of temperature and impact velocity on the impact response of jute/UP composites,” Polymer Testing, vol. 35, pp. 10–19, 2014.
[12] K. Senthilkumar, N. Saba, N. Rajini, M. Chandrasekar, M. Jawaid, S. Siengchin, and O. Y. Alotmane, “Mechanical properties evaluation of sisal fibre reinforced polymer composites: A review,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 174, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.143.
[13] V. Mahesh, A. Nilabh, S. Joladarashi, and S. M. Kulkarni, “Analysis of impact behaviour of sisalepoxy composites under low velocity regime,” Revue des Composites et des Matériaux Avancés, vol. 31, pp. 57–63, 2021.
[14] C. Militello, F. Bongiorno, G. Epasto, and B. Zuccarello, “Low-velocity impact behaviour of green epoxy biocomposite laminates reinforced by sisal fibers,” Composite Structures, vol. 253, p. 112744, 2020.
[15] K. I. Ismail, M. T. H. Sultan, A. U. M. Shah, M. Jawaid, and S. N. A. Safri, “Low velocity impact and compression after impact properties of hybrid bio-composites modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 163, pp. 455–463, 2019.
[16] G. Belingardi and R. Vadori, “Low velocity impact tests of laminate glass-fiber-epoxy matrix composite material plates,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 213– 229, 2002.
[17] K. S. Ahmed, S. Vijayarangan, and A. Kumar, “Low velocity impact damage characterization of woven jute—glass fabric reinforced isothalic polyester hybrid composites,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 959– 976, 2007.
[18] F. Sarasini, J. Tirillò, S. D'Altilia, T. Valente, C. Santulli, F. Touchard, L. Chocinski-Arnault, D. Mellier, L. Lampani, and P. Gaudenzi, “Damage tolerance of carbon/flax hybrid composites subjected to low velocity impact,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 91, pp. 144–153, 2016.
[19] I. Fahmi, M. S. A. Majid, M. Afendi, E. A. Helmi, and J. A. M. Haameem, “Low-velocity impact responses of Napier fibre/polyester composites,” International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 13, p. 3226, 2016.
[20] M. Ravandi, W. S. Teo, L. Q. N. Tran, M. S. Yong, and T. E. Tay, “Low velocity impact performance of stitched flax/epoxy composite laminates,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 117, pp. 89– 100, 2017.
[21] V. Fiore, T. Scalici, F. Sarasini, J. Tirilló, and L. Calabrese, “Salt-fog spray aging of jute-basalt reinforced hybrid structures: Flexural and low velocity impact response,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 116, pp. 99–112, 2017.
[22] C. S. Kumar, V. Arumugam, H. N. Dhakal, and R. John, “Effect of temperature and hybridisation on the low velocity impact behavior of hemp-basalt/ epoxy composites,” Composite Structures, vol. 125, pp. 407–416, 2015.
[23] T. Segreto, R. Teti, and V. Lopresto, “Nondestructive testing of low-velocity impacted composite material laminates through ultrasonic inspection methods,” in Characterizations of Some Composite Materials. London: IntechOpen, 2018, pp. 45–66.
[24] I. Papa, V. Lopresto, G. Simeoli, A. Langella, and P. Russo, “Ultrasonic damage investigation on woven jute/poly (lactic acid) composites subjected to low velocity impact,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 115, pp. 282–288, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.076.