Measurement of Transport Number of Lithium in Glycerol Assisted by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Analysis: Progress towards Elaboration of Optimal Electrolyte of Friendly Environmental Battery
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Abstract
Up to now, a great deal of research investigations on lithium ion conductors has been carried out because they are potentially utilized in the solid electrolytes of the batteries and the electrochemical devices. However, in order to elaborate on new ecological batteries of lithium, it becomes primordial to study and understand the properties of transport of the lithium electrolytes using eco-friendly solvents to find the best electrolyte for such devices. In fact, the electromotive forces (EMFs) of lithium chloride electrolyte in the hydrogen-bonded solvents glycerol were measured using the concentration cells (CCs) 0.005/0.05 and 0.05/0.5. Then, the transport numbers of the lithium-ion were deduced by means of the Nernst equation in combination with the Debye-Huckel limiting law. Whilst, the activation energy values were calculated from the parameters of the fitting of the transference number data to the empirical power law, yielding a regression coefficient of 95.9% for the most concentrated concentration cell. The structure and interactions in the lithium electrolyte solution were studied by vibrational Infra-Red spectroscopy. The experimental data were discussed and compared to those previously obtained, using impedance spectroscopy of glass-forming glycerolate lithium electrolytes for the same purpose. Despite the enormous difference between their viscosities, glycerol shows similar activation energy (i.e., 31.40 kJ.mol–1) with water (i.e., 31.73 kJ.mol–1), particularly at very low concentration, confirming both solvents being hydrogen-bonded. Besides, this study suggests the utilization of the glycerol-lithium ion electrolyte for the future conception of an ecological lithium-ion battery, rather than those using ion electrolyte polymer currently on the market. Similarly to relaxation and conductivity, the transport number data suggests that the diffusion of conformational states also monitors the overall lithium-ion transport mechanism.
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