Characterization and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn Based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Main Article Content
Abstract
Hybrid aluminium matrix composites are preferred for structural applications due to their tailored material properties. In the current study, aluminium-7029 alloy with boron carbide (5, 10, and 15 wt%) and a constant weight percentage of graphite (5 wt%) were produced by the stir casting route. Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction were used to characterize the composites. The cast alloy and hybrid composites were evaluated for physical (density and porosity) and mechanical (hardness, tensile, compressive and impact) properties by experimental and statistical methods. The porosity of the cast samples was minimal (<5%) and the hybrid composite weight decreased (2.4%) with the increase of reinforcements as revealed by the density test. Al7029/15wt%B4C/5wt%Gr (sample C3) hybrid composite hardness (126 BHN) and compressive strength (586.841 MPa) were found to be the best to get the better property with more reinforcement. Tensile (253.455 MPa) and impact strength (7 J) were the highest for the Al7029/5wt%B4C/5wt%Gr (sample C1) hybrid composite. Results obtained by a regression model developed using MINITAB were in good agreement with experimental values. The additions of B4C and Gr were found to improve mechanical properties significantly, as confirmed by analysis of variance.
Article Details
References
T. Dursun and C. Soutis, “Recent developments in advanced aircraft aluminium alloys,” Materials & Design, vol. 56, pp. 862–871, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.12.002.
T. G. Gangadhar, D. P. Girish, J. Satheesh, H. Govtham, and K. S. Pradeep, “Evaluation of mechanical properties of Al7029/flyash/WC hybrid composites developed by liquid metallurgy,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, pp. 5969–5974, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.401.
H. Kala, K. K. S. Mer, and S. Kumar, “A review on mechanical and tribological behaviors of stir cast aluminum matrix composites,” in Procedia Materials Science, 2014, pp. 1951–1960, doi: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.229.
A. H. Jasim, W. M. Joudi, N. S. Radhi, and A. N. Saud, “Mechanical properties and wear characteristic of (Aluminum-Zinc oxide) metal matrix composite prepared using stir casting process,” in Materials Science Forum, 2020, pp. 175–184, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1002.175.
M. Tisza and Z. Lukács, “High strength aluminum alloys in car manufacturing,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, Art. no. 012033, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/418/1/012033.
M. K. Surappa and P. K. Rohatgi, “Preparation and properties of cast aluminium-ceramic particle composites,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 983–993, Apr. 1981, doi: 10.1007/ BF00542743.
B. N. Sharath, K. S. Madhu, and C. V. Venkatesh, “Experimental study on dry sliding wear behaviour of Al-B4C-Gr metal matrix composite at different temperatures,” in Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2019, pp. 96–101, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific. net/AMM.895.96.
B. N. Sharath, C. V. Venkatesh, A. Afzal, N. Aslfattahi, A. Aabid, M. Baig and B. Saleh, “Multi ceramic particles inclusion in the aluminium matrix and wear characterization through experimental and response surface-artificial neural networks,” Materials, vol. 14, no. 11, May. 2021, Art. no. 2895, doi: 10.3390/ma14112895.
B. N. Sharath, T. P. Jeevan, M. A. A. Baig, H. S. Ashrith, A. Afzal, and A. Raji Reddy, “Machinability studies on boron carbide and graphite reinforced aluminium hybrid composites,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, pp. 8734– 8741, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.036.
B. N. Sharath and C. V. Venkatesh, “Study on effect of boron carbide, aluminium oxide and graphite on dry sliding wear behaviour of aluminium based metal matrix composite at different temperature,” Tribologia - Finnish Journal of Tribology, vol. 38, no. 1−2, pp. 35–46, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.30678/fjt.99931.
B. Subramaniam, B. Natarajan, B. Kaliyaperumal, and S. J. S. Chelladurai, “Investigation on mechanical properties of aluminium 7075 - boron carbide - coconut shell fly ash reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites,” China Foundry, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 449–456, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1007/ s41230-018-8105-3.
P. R. Jadhav, B. R. Sridhar, M. Nagaral, and J. I. Harti, “Mechanical behavior and fractography of graphite and boron carbide particulates reinforced A356 alloy hybrid metal matrix composites,” Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 114–119, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1007/ s42114-020-00143-7.
B. Kuldeep, K. P. Ravikumar, S. Pradeep, and K. R. Gopi, “Effect of boron nitride and zirconium dioxide on mechanical behavior of Al7075 metal matrix hybrid composite,” Materials Research Express, vol. 6, no. 3, Dec. 2018, Art. no. 036509, doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/aaf36b.
M. V. Krishna and A. M. Xavior, “An investigation on the mechanical properties of hybrid metal matrix composites,” in Procedia Engineering, 2014, pp. 918–924, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng. 2014.12.367.
G. Senthilkumar, T. Mayavan, and R. Ramakrishnan, “Optimization for friction welding input factors to maximize tensile strength and minimize axial shortening in ASTM A516 grade 70 steel rods,” Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, vol 25, no. 5, pp. 773–784, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.6180/jase.202210_25(5).0008.
P. Kongkaoroptham, M. Boonpensin, T. Siripongsakul, and P. Promdirek, “Corrosion Behaviour of AISI409 Stainless Steel with Al Slurry Coating in Molten Salt,” Applied Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 15, no. 1, Feb. 2021, Art. no. 3523, doi: 10.14416/j.asep.2021.02.002.
P. S. Reddy, R. Kesavan, and B. Vijaya Ramnath, “Investigation of mechanical properties of aluminium 6061-silicon carbide, boron carbide metal matrix composite,” Silicon, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 495–502, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s12633- 016-9479-8.
Y. L. Chan, K. Y. You, M. Z. H. Mayzan, M. A. Jusoh, Z. Abbas, and F. Esa, “Investigation into return loss characteristic of graphene oxide/zinc ferrite/epoxy composite at x-band frequency,” Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, vol 23, no. 4, pp. 593–602, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.6180/jase.202012¬_23(4).0003.
K. Jayappa, V. Kumar, and G. G. Purushotham, “Effect of reinforcements on mechanical properties of nickel alloy hybrid metal matrix composites processed by sand mold technique,” Applied Science and Engineering Progress, vol 14, no. 1, pp. 44–51, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.14416/j.asep.2020.11.001.
K. Shirvanimoghaddam, H. Khayyam, H. Abdizadeh, M. K. Akbari, A. H. Pakseresht, E. Ghasali, and M. Naebe, “Boron carbide reinforced aluminium matrix composite: Physical, mechanical characterization and mathematical modelling,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 658, pp. 135–149, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j. msea.2016.01.114.
N. Verma and S. C. Vettivel, “Characterization and experimental analysis of boron carbide and rice husk ash reinforced AA7075 aluminium alloy hybrid composite,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 741, pp. 981–998, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.185.
V. Mohanavel, K. Rajan, S. S. Kumar, G. Vijayan, and M. S. Vijayanand, “Study on mechanical properties of graphite particulates reinforced aluminium matrix composite fabricated by stir casting technique,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018, pp. 2945–2950, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.01.090.
T. H. Manjunatha, Y. Basavaraj, M. Nagaral, V. Venkataramana, and J. I. Harti, “Investigations on mechanical behavior of Al7075 - nano B4C composites,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, Art. no. 012091, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/376/1/012091.
İ. ŞİMŞEK, “The effect of B4C amount on wear behaviors of Al-Graphite/B4C hybrid composites produced by mechanical alloying,” Journal of Boron, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 100–106, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.30728/boron.556707.
X. Lyu, Z. Zhao, H. Sun, X. Jiang, C. Hu, T. Song, and Z. Luo, “Influence of Y2O3 contents on sintering and mechanical properties of B4CAl2O3 multiphase ceramic composites,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 11687–11701, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j. jmrt.2020.08.072.
B. N. Sharath, C. V. Venkatesh, A. Afzal, M. A. A. Baig, and A. P. Kumar, “Study on effect of ceramics on dry sliding wear behaviour of Al-Cu-Mg based metal matrix composite at different temperature,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, pp. 8723–8733, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.034.
D. G. Pradeep, B. N. Sharath, A. Afzal, M. A. A. Baig, and M. Shanmugasundaram, “Study on scratch behavior of Ni-Al2O3 coating composition on Al-2219 substrate by electro deposited technique,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, pp. 8716–8722, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr. 2021.04.033.
K. S. Madhu, B. N. Sharath, C. V. Venkatesh, and D. G. Pradeep, “Evaluation of mechanical properties of ceramic reinforced aluminium-7029 hybrid composite,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, Art. no. 012019, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1189/1/012019.
B. N. Sharath, K. S. Madhu, D. G. Pradeep, and C. V. Venkatesh, “Tribological suitability of aluminium hybrid composite above atmospheric temperature,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, Art. no. 012018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1189/1/012018.
D. G. Pradeep, H. S. Nithin, B. N. Sharath, K. S. Madhu, and C.V. Venkatesh, “Microstructure and wear behavior of microwave treated WC- 10Co-4Cr composite coating on AISI 4140 alloy steel,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, Art. no. 012012, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1189/1/012012.
K. S. Madhu, C. V. Venkatesh, B. N. Sharath, and S. Karthik, “Effect of boron carbide on wear resistance of graphite containing Al7029 based hybrid composites and its dry sliding wear characterization through experimental, response surface method and ANOVA,” Tribologia - Finnish Journal of Tribology, vol. 38, no. 3−4, pp. 48–60, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.30678%2Ffjt.1119.
A. Bahrami, N. Soltani, M. I. Pech-Canul, S. Soltani, L. A. González, C. A. Gutiérrez, J. Tapp, A. Moller, and A. Gurlo, “Bilayer graded Al/B4C/rice husk ash composite: Wettability behavior, thermo-mechanical, and electrical properties,” Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 52, no. 27, pp. 3745–3758, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1177%2F0021998318769993.
A. Bahrami, M. I. Pech-Canul, N. Soltani, C. A. Gutiérrez, P. H. Kamm, and A. Gurlo, “Tailoring microstructure and properties of bilayer-graded Al/B4C/MgAl2O4 composites by single-stage pressureless infiltration,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 694, pp. 408–418, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.284.
S. D. Kumar, M. Ravichandran, A. Jeevika, B. Stalin, C. Kailasanathan and A. Karthick, “Effect of ZrB2 on microstructural, mechanical and corrosion behaviour of aluminium (AA7178) alloy matrix composite prepared by the stir casting route,” Ceramics International, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 12951–12962, May. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.01.158.
B. Stalin, P. R. Kumar, M. Ravichandran, and S. Saravanan, “Optimization of wear parameters and their relative effects on stir cast AA6063- Si3N4 composite,” Materials Research Express, vol. 5, no. 10, Aug. 2018, Art. no. 106502, doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/aad99c.
J. Vairamuthu, B. Stalin, G. D. Sivakumar, B. M. Fazil, R. Balaji and V. A. Natarajan, “The effect of process parameters for synthesized copper metal matrix using stir casting process,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, pp. 1970–1974, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.262.
S. Ramasamy, A. Arumugam, and P. Chandran, “Optimization of enterobacter cloacae (KU923381) for diesel oil degradation using response surface methodology (RSM),” Journal of Microbiology, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 104–111, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s12275-017-6265-2.
P. P. Ritapure and Y. R. Kharde, “Study of mechanical and sliding wear behavior of Al-25Zn alloy/SiC/Graphite novel hybrid composites for plain bearing application,” Tribology in Industry, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 375–386, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.24874/ti.2019.41.03.07.