Optimal Distributed Generation Planning for Loss Reduction and Phase Balancing in Unbalanced Distribution Networks Using the INFO Algorithm

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Published: Jun 29, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2026242.262002

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Trieu Ton Ngoc
Thu Duc College of Technology, Vietnam
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-7187
The Thi Phan
Loc Huu Pham

Abstract

This paper introduces an optimization framework for distributed generation (DG) planning in three phase unbalanced distribution networks (DN), aiming to jointly minimize active power losses and phase imbalance. Unlike conventional methods that assume balanced loading, the proposed model explicitly addresses phase asymmetry and single phase DG integration, common in real world low and medium voltage systems. A composite objective function is formulated, combining power loss with a normalized phase imbalance index under voltage and capacity constraints. The Weighted Mean of Vectors (INFO) algorithm, a recent metaheuristic with strong convergence properties, is applied to solve the mixed integer nonlinear problem. Simulation studies on modified IEEE 33 bus and 69-bus DN with realistic unbalanced loads show that INFO outperforms GWO, MPA, and AOA in loss reduction, phase balancing, and computational efficiency. These findings underscore the relevance of phase aware DG planning in enhancing the resilience and efficiency of modern distribution networks.

Article Details

How to Cite
Ton Ngoc, T., The Thi Phan, & Loc Huu Pham. (2026). Optimal Distributed Generation Planning for Loss Reduction and Phase Balancing in Unbalanced Distribution Networks Using the INFO Algorithm. ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2026242.262002
Issue
Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue (June 2026)
Section
ITC-CSCC 2026
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Author Biography

Trieu Ton Ngoc, Thu Duc College of Technology, Vietnam

Dr. Ton Ngoc Trieu is a senior lecturer and researcher in smart distribution systems and optimization at Thu Duc College of Technology, Vietnam.

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