COMPARISON OF SEVERE GEOMAGNETIC STORM EVENT AND LOW-LATITUDE TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT ANOMALIES
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Abstract
In this study, we examined the Total Electron Content (TEC) anomalies at different scales during geomagnetic storms using Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites at low latitudes, which contributed to the catastrophic geomagnetic storm that occurred on March 24th, 2023. SIET KMITL, Bangkok station (13.729°N, 100.780°E) and KMITL Chumphon station (10.724°N, 99.375°E), Thailand, are the low-latitude GPS stations. After comparing the two GPS TEC stations, we examined the connection between TEC anomalies in the ionosphere and geomagnetic storm sizes. The findings demonstrate that ionosphere anomalies detected by GPS TEC correlate with geomagnetic storm timing. The findings demonstrate that ionospheric TEC anomalies detected by GPS were noticed that the GPS TEC values at both stations increase in proportion to the strength of the geomagnetic storm on days when the storm's intensity is higher. TEC levels rise progressively during periods of high geomagnetic storm severity. Even after the storm passes, TEC stays raised for two to three days before gradually falling back to normal. The maximum value of TEC, about 35 TECU, was observed at the SIET KMITL, Bangkok station (13.729°N, 100.780°E), whereas TEC increased to about 25 TECU at the KMITL Chumphon station (10.724°N, 99.375°E). TEC is high and positively correlated with an increase in days with intense geomagnetic storms. A rise in the frequency of intense geomagnetic storms is positively connected with TEC. However, in typical circumstances, TECs do not decrease in a negative direction during the quiet period.
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