On Improvement of Greedy Routing Protocol (GRP) for InterVehicle Communication
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
- This article presents the Greedy Routing Protocol (GRP) for inter-vehicle communication. The protocol aims at delivering data packets to destinations even though there is no any location service available in the area. Unlike its previous version [1], the current version of GRP implements a number of efficient techniques in order to reduce protocol overhead without any performance compensation. This article also presents new performance evaluation results of the recent GRP compared to those of Ad hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol [2]. We found that when selecting at most one forwarding node at each hop (P=1), GRP had about 18% successful packet delivery ratio higher than that of AODV while introducing about 0.18% more overhead and 0.88 seconds longer end-to-end delivery delay.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
I/we certify that I/we have participated sufficiently in the intellectual content, conception and design of this work or the analysis and interpretation of the data (when applicable), as well as the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it and have agreed to have my/our name listed as a contributor. I/we believe the manuscript represents valid work. Neither this manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my/our authorship has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in the covering letter. I/we certify that all the data collected during the study is presented in this manuscript and no data from the study has been or will be published separately. I/we attest that, if requested by the editors, I/we will provide the data/information or will cooperate fully in obtaining and providing the data/information on which the manuscript is based, for examination by the editors or their assignees. Financial interests, direct or indirect, that exist or may be perceived to exist for individual contributors in connection with the content of this paper have been disclosed in the cover letter. Sources of outside support of the project are named in the cover letter.
I/We hereby transfer(s), assign(s), or otherwise convey(s) all copyright ownership, including any and all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to the Journal, in the event that such work is published by the Journal. The Journal shall own the work, including 1) copyright; 2) the right to grant permission to republish the article in whole or in part, with or without fee; 3) the right to produce preprints or reprints and translate into languages other than English for sale or free distribution; and 4) the right to republish the work in a collection of articles in any other mechanical or electronic format.
We give the rights to the corresponding author to make necessary changes as per the request of the journal, do the rest of the correspondence on our behalf and he/she will act as the guarantor for the manuscript on our behalf.
All persons who have made substantial contributions to the work reported in the manuscript, but who are not contributors, are named in the Acknowledgment and have given me/us their written permission to be named. If I/we do not include an Acknowledgment that means I/we have not received substantial contributions from non-contributors and no contributor has been omitted.
References
2. C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, "Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing," in WMCSA '99: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, New Orleans , LA, USA, February 1999, pp. 90-100.
3. E. M. Royer and T. Chai-Keong, "A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks," Personal Communications, IEEE, vol. 6, pp. 46-55, April 1999.
4. C. E. Perkins and P. Bhagwat, "Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers," in SIGCOMM ’94: Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications, London, United Kingdom, August-September 1994, pp. 234- 244.
5. C. Ching-Chuan and M. Gerla, "Routing and multicast in multihop, mobile wireless networks," in 1997 IEEE 6th International Conference on Universal Personal Communications Record, San Diego, CA, USA, October 1997, pp. 546-551
6. S. Murthy, and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, “An efficient routing protocol for wireless networks,” Mobile Networks and Applications., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 183-197, October 1996.
7. D. B. Johnson and D. A. Maltz, "Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks," Mobile Computing, vol. 353, no. 5, pp. 153-161, 1996
8. V. D. Park and M. S. Corson, "A highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks," in Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97, Kobe, Japan, April 1997, pp. 1405-1413
9. T. Chai-Keong, "A novel distributed routing protocol to support ad-hoc mobile computing," in Conference proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Fifteenth Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, Mar 1996, pp. 480-486.
10. R. Dube, C. D. Rais, W. Kuang-Yeh, and S. K. Tripathi, "Signal stability-based adaptive routing (SSA) for ad hoc mobile networks," Personal Communications, IEEE, vol. 4, pp. 36-45, February 1997.
11. J. Chennikara-Varghese, W. Chen, O. Altintas, and S. Cai, "Survey of Routing Protocols for Inter-Vehicle Communications," in The 3rd Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networks and Services, San Jose, CA, USA, July 2006, pp. 1-5.
12. C. Lochert, H. Hartenstein, J. Tian, H. Fussler, D. Hermann, and M. Mauve, "A routing strategy for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments," in Proceedings IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Columbus, OH, USA, June 2003, pp. 156-161.
13. B. Karp and H. T. Kung, "GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks," in MobiCom '00: Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking Boston, Massachusetts, USA, August 2000, pp. 243- 254.
14. T. Jing, H. Lu, and K. Rothermel, "Spatially aware packet routing for mobile ad hoc inter-vehicle radio networks," in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, October 2003, pp. 1546-1551.
15. H. Füßler, J. Widmer, M. Käsemann, M. Mauve, and H. Hartenstein, "Contention-based forwarding for mobile ad hoc networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 1, pp. 351-369, November 2003.
16. M. S. Daskin, Network and discrete location: models, algorithms, and applications. Wiley, 1995.
17. The network simulator: NS-2, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns.
18. Gopinath, G. and G. Jayakumar, “Performance comparison of MANET protocols based on manhattan grid mobility model,” Journal of Mobile Communication, vol. 2, pp. 18-26, 2008.