A Fusion of Trace Transform and Hamming Distance with Multiresolution Technique for Improved Accuracy Approach Face Based Identification
Main Article Content
Abstract
- This paper proposes a highly robust method for face recognition with variant illumination, scaling, rotation, blur, reflection and difference emotions (smiling, angry and screaming). Techniques introduced in this work are composed of two parts. The first one is the detection of facial features by using the concept of multi-resolution Trace transform. Then, in the second part, the Hamming distance is employed to measure and determine of similarity between the models and tested images. Finally, our method is evaluated with experiments on the AR and XM2VTS facial databases and compared with other related works (e.g. Eigen face, Enhance-EBGH, Hausdorff ARTMAP and Original Trace-Hamming). The extensive experimental results show that the average of accuracy rate of face recognition with variant pose, illumination, scaling, rotation, blur, reflection and difference expression is very high and it was found that our proposed method performed better than the other related works in all cases.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
I/we certify that I/we have participated sufficiently in the intellectual content, conception and design of this work or the analysis and interpretation of the data (when applicable), as well as the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it and have agreed to have my/our name listed as a contributor. I/we believe the manuscript represents valid work. Neither this manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my/our authorship has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in the covering letter. I/we certify that all the data collected during the study is presented in this manuscript and no data from the study has been or will be published separately. I/we attest that, if requested by the editors, I/we will provide the data/information or will cooperate fully in obtaining and providing the data/information on which the manuscript is based, for examination by the editors or their assignees. Financial interests, direct or indirect, that exist or may be perceived to exist for individual contributors in connection with the content of this paper have been disclosed in the cover letter. Sources of outside support of the project are named in the cover letter.
I/We hereby transfer(s), assign(s), or otherwise convey(s) all copyright ownership, including any and all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to the Journal, in the event that such work is published by the Journal. The Journal shall own the work, including 1) copyright; 2) the right to grant permission to republish the article in whole or in part, with or without fee; 3) the right to produce preprints or reprints and translate into languages other than English for sale or free distribution; and 4) the right to republish the work in a collection of articles in any other mechanical or electronic format.
We give the rights to the corresponding author to make necessary changes as per the request of the journal, do the rest of the correspondence on our behalf and he/she will act as the guarantor for the manuscript on our behalf.
All persons who have made substantial contributions to the work reported in the manuscript, but who are not contributors, are named in the Acknowledgment and have given me/us their written permission to be named. If I/we do not include an Acknowledgment that means I/we have not received substantial contributions from non-contributors and no contributor has been omitted.
References
2. D. Lee, K. Choi, H. Choi and J. Kim, “Recognizable-Image Selection for Fingerprint Recognition With a Mobile-Device Camera,” IEEE Trans. on Systems Man and Cybernetics, vol. 38. no. 1. February 2008.
3. J. Thornton, M. Savvides and V. Kumar, “A Bayesian Approach to Deformed Pattern Matching of Iris Images,” IEEE Tran. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 29 , no. 4, pp. 596- 606, April 2007.
4. L. Zhang and D. Samaras, “Face Recognition from a Single Training Image under Arbitrary Unknown Lighting Using Spherical Harmonics,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 28, no. 3, pp.351 - 363, March 2006.
5. R. Fooprateepsiri and W .Kurutach, "Ear Based Personal Identification Approach Forensic Science Tasks," Accepted for the Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 1-10, 2011.
6. M. R. Moradian ,A. Esmkhani , and F. M. Jafarlou , “Recognition of Persian handwritten digits using Characterization Loci and Mixture of Experts ,” International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 42 - 46, September 2009.
7. I. Mporas, T. Ganchev, O. Kocsis and N. Fakotakis, “Speech Enhancement for Robust Speech Recognition in Motocrycle Environment,” International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, vol. 19, no. 2, pp.159-173, April 2010.
8. A. Guven and I. Sogukpinar, “Understanding users' keystroke patterns for computer access security,” Computers & Security, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 695-706, December 2003.
9. R. Fooprateepsiri and W. Kurutach ,"Face Verification Base-on Hausdroff-Shape Context," The 2009 International Asia Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (CAR-2009), Bangkok, THAILAND, February 1-2, 2009, pp. 240-244
10. R. Fooprateepsiri, W. Kurutach and S.Duangphasuk "A Hybrid Method for Facial Recognition Systems," The 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Multimedia Signal and Vision Processing (CIMSVP-2009), SSCI 2009 - Nashville, Tennessee, USA,March 30 - April 2, 2009, pp. 53-60
11. S. Srisuk,M. Petrou, R. Fooprateepsiri,K. Sunat,W. Kurutach and Pichet Chopaka "A Combination of Shape and Texture Classifiers for a Face Verification System,"Lecture Notes in Computer Science(ICBA'04), Vol. 3072, pp. 44-51, Springer, 2004.
12. A. M. Martínez, M. Yang and D. J. Kriegman, “Special Issue on Face Recognition,” Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 91, No. 1-2. Academic Press.1-5,
13. C. Liu and H. Wechsler, “A Shape- and Texture- Based Enhanced Fisher Classifier for Face Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 598-608, Apr. 2001.
14. A. Tefas, C. Kotropoulos and I. Pitas, “Using Support Vector Machines to Enhance the Performance of Elastic Graph Matching for Frontal Face Authentication,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp. 735-746, Jul. 2001.
15. B. Duc, S. Fischer and J. Big¨un, “Face Authentication with Gabor Information on Deformable Graphs,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 504-516, Apr. 1999.
16. C. L. Kotropoulos, A. Tefas and I. Pitas, “Frontal Face Authentication using Discriminating Grids with Morphological Feature Vectors,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 14-26, Mar. 2000.
17. X. M. Bai, B. C. Yin, Q.Shi and Y. F. Sun,"Face recognition using extended Fisherface with 3d morphable model," In IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (August 2005), vol. 7, pp. 4481–4486.
18. P. N. Belhmeur, J. P. Hespanha and D. J. Krieman,"Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: Recognition using class specfic linear projections," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19, 7 (July 1997), 711–720.
19. J. Lu,K. N. Plataniotis and A. N. Ventsanopoulos ,"Face recognition using lda-based algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 14, 1 (2003), pp. 195–200.
20. M. Turk, and A. Pentland,"A. Eigenfaces for recognition,"Journal for Cognitive Neuroscience 3, 1 (1991), pp. 71 – 86.
21. W. Zhao, R. Chellappa and A. Krishinswamy,"Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition," In IEEE International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition (1998), pp. 336–342.
22. X. Zhou and B. Bhanu, "Integrating face and gait for human recognition" In Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (June 2006), pp. 55–63.
23. O. D´Eniz, M. Castrill'on and M. Hern'a ndez,"Face recognition using independent component analysis and support vector machines," Pattern Recognition Letters 24, 13 (2003), 2153–2157.
24. G. Guo, S. Z. Li and K. Chan,"Face recognition by support vector machines," In IEEE Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition Conference (2000), pp. 190–201.
25. B. Heisele, P. Ho and T. Poggio,"Face recognition with support vector machines: Global versus component-based approach," In IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (2001), vol. 2, pp. 688–694.
26. S. Krishna and S. Panchanathan,"A methodology for improving recognition rate of linear discriminant analysis in video-based face recognition using support vector machines," In IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (2005), pp. CD–ROM.
27. M. Savvides, S. Abiantun, J. Heo, S. Park, C. Xie and B. V. K. Vijayakumar,"Partial & holistic face recognition on FRGC-II data using support vector machines kernel correlation feature analysis," In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006), pp. 48–53.
28. A. Thammano and C. Rungruang, Hausdorff ARTMAP for Human Face Recognition, WSEAS Transactions on Computers, Issue 3, Vol. 3. pp. 667- 672.2004.
29. A. Thammano and S. Ruensuk., "Human Face Recognition Using Modified Hausdorff ARTMAP", Advances in Intelligent Computing: International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2005, August 23-26, 2005 Hefei, China. pp. 248-256.
30. S. Srisuk, W. Kurutach and K. Limpitikeat, “A Novel Approach for Robust, Fast and Accurate Face Detection,” International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 769-779, December 2001.
31. A. Kadyrov, M. Petrou,“The Trace Transform and Its Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Vol.23, No.8, pp.811-828, 2001.
32. M. Petrou, A. Kadyrov, “Affine Invariant Features from the Trace Transform,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.26, No.1, pp.30-44, 2004.
33. R. W. Hamming. “Error Detecting and Error Correcting Codes,” Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 147-60, Apr. 1950.
34. AR Database, Available from: http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~aleix/aleix_face_DB.h tml. last cited on 2009 Oct 15].
35. XM2VTS Database, Available from:http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/CVSSP/xm2vtsdb/.last cited on 2009 Oct 15].
36. R. Fooprateepsiri and W. Kurutach, "A Fast and Accurate Face Authentication Method Using Hamming-Trace Transform Combination,” The IETE Technic Review, Vol. 27, Issue 5, PP.365-370, 2010.