Assessing abundance and composition of juvenile corals in marine national parks in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand
Keywords:
abundance, coral recruitment, Gulf of Thailand, managementAbstract
Coral recruitment is an important factor influencing the natural recovery of degraded reefs. This study aimed to quantitatively examine the abundance and composition of juvenile corals from major reef groups in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand. The field studies were carried out at 15 reef sites in Khao Leam Ya - Mu Ko Samet Nation Park, Rayong Province, and Mu Ko Chang Nation Park, Trat Province. The highest density of juvenile corals was found at Ao Lungdum in Mu Ko Samet (37.5 juvenile corals /m2). High densities of juvenile corals were recorded at Ao Lungdum and Ao Kiu Na Nok in Mu Ko Samet and Hin Gurk Ma, Ko Bai Dang, and Ko Yak Yai in Mu Ko Chang, and high dissimilarities were found between and within sites. The dominant juvenile corals were Pocillopora, Porites, Favites, Fungia and Turbinaria. Juvenile corals densities in the study sites are higher than those found in the Andaman Sea, indicating a high recovery potential in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand. In addition, substrate availability and type, coupled with the high sediment load, are important factors controlling juvenile coral density in the Gulf of Thailand. This study provides necessary information for coral reef management plans and coral restoration projects.
References
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Roberts CM (1997) Connectivity and management of Caribbean coral reefs. Science 278(5342): 1454-1457
Roth MS, & Knowlton N (2009) Distribution, abundance, and microhabitat characterization of small juvenile corals at Palmyra Atoll. Marine Ecology Progress Series 376:133-142
Salinas-de-León P, Dryden C, Smith DJ, & Bell JJ (2013) Temporal and spatial variability in coral recruitment on two Indonesian coral reefs: consistently lower recruitment to a degraded reef. Marine Biology 160(1): 97-105
Sammarco PW (1980) Diadema and its relationship to coral spat mortality: grazing, competition, and biological disturbance. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 45(2): 245-272
Sutthacheep M, Yucharoen M, Klinthong W, Pengsakun S, Sangmanee K, & Yeemin T (2013) Impacts of the 1998 and 2010 mass coral bleaching events on the Western Gulf of Thailand. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 96: 25-31
Tomascik T (1991) Settlement patterns of Caribbean scleractinian corals on artificial substrata along a eutrophication gradient, Barbados, West Indies. Marine ecology progress series Oldendorf 77(2): 261-269
Trapon ML, Pratchett MS, Hoey AS (2013) Spatial variation in abundance, size and orientation of juvenile corals related to the biomass of parrotfishes on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. PLoS ONE 8:e57788
Vermeij MJA, Smith JE, Smith CM, Thurber RV, & Sandin SA (2009) Survival and settlement success of coral planulae: independent and synergistic effects of macroalgae and microbes. Oecologia 159(2):325-336
Yeemin T, Saenghaisuk C, Yucharoen M, Klingthong W, & Sutthacheep M (2012) Impact of the 2010 coral bleaching event on survival of juvenile coral colonies in the Similan Islands, on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Res. Bull 70: 93-102
Yeemin T, Pengsakun S, Yucharoen M, Klinthong W, Sangmanee K, & Sutthacheep M (2013) Long-term decline in Acropora species at Kut Island, Thailand, in relation to coral bleaching events. Marine Biodiversity 43(1): 23-29
Yeemin T, Saenghaisuk C, Sittiporn P, Klinthong, W, Sangmanee K, Yucharoen M, & Sutthacheep M (2010) Status of coral reefs in Thailand following the 2010 coral bleaching event. Status of coral reefs in East Asian Seas region 29-49
Yeemin T, Saenghaisuk C, Yucharoen M, Klingthong W, & Sutthacheep M (2012a) Impact of the 2010 coral bleaching event on survival of juvenile coral colonies in the Similan Islands, on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Res. Bull 70: 93-102
Yucharoen M, Yeemin T, Casareto BE, Suzuki Y, Samsuvan W, Sangmanee, Klinthong W, Pengsakun S, & Sutthacheep M (2015) Abundance, composition and growth rate of coral recruits on dead corals following the 2010 bleaching event at Mu Ko Surin, the Andaman Sea. Ocean Science Journal 50(2): 307-315
Yucharoen M, Yeemin T, Casareto BE, Suzuki Y, Samsuvan W, Sangmanee K, Klinthong W, & Sutthacheep M (2015) Abundance, composition and growth rate of coral recruits on dead corals following the 2010 bleaching event at Mu Ko Surin, the Andaman Sea. Ocean Science Journal 50(2): 307-315
Anthony KR, Marshall PA, Abdulla A, Beeden R, Bergh C, Black R, ... & Wear S (2015) Operationalizing resilience for adaptive coral reef management under global environmental change. Global change biology 21(1): 48-61
Babcock R, & Davies P (1991) Effects of sedimentation on settlement of Acropora millepora. Coral Reefs 9(4): 205-208
Benayahu Y, & Loya Y (1985) Settlement and recruitment of a soft coral: why is Xenia macrospiculata a successful colonizer?. Bulletin of Marine Science 36(1): 177-188
Bernal-Sotelo K & Acosta A (2012) The relationship between physical and biological habitat conditions and hermatypic coral recruits abundance within insular reefs (Colombian Caribbean). Revista de Biología Tropical 60(3):995-1014
Connell, JH, Hughes TP, & Wallace CC (1997) A 30‐year study of coral abundance, recruitment, and disturbance at several scales in space and time. Ecological Monographs 67(4): 461-488
Doropoulos C, Ward S, Roff G, González-Rivero M, & Mumby PJ (2015) Linking demographic processes of juvenile corals to benthic recovery trajectories in two common reef habitats. PLoS One 10(5):e0128535
Edmunds JW, & Mahadevan LC (2004) MAP kinases as structural adaptors and enzymatic activators in transcription complexes. Journal of cell science 117(17): 3715-3723
Figueiredo C, Garcia-Gonzalez AM, Machado CJ (2013) Molecular Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer. Special Issue: The Year in Helicobacter 18:1
Gilmour JP, Smith LD, Heyward AJ, Baird AH, Pratchett MS (2013) Recovery of an Isolated Coral Reef System Following Severe Disturbance. Science 340:69
Glassom D, Zakai D, & Chadwick-Furman NE (2004) Coral recruitment: a spatio-temporal analysis along the coastline of Eilat, northern Red Sea. Marine Biology 144(4): 641-651
Graham J (2015) Explaining away differences in moral judgment: Comment on Gray and Keeney. Social Psychological and Personality Science 869-873
Harrington L, Fabricius K, De'Ath G, & Negri A (2004) Recognition and selection of settlement substrata determine post‐settlement survival in corals. Ecology 85(12): 3428-3437
Harriott VJ, & Fisk DA (1987) A comparison of settlement plate types for experiments on the recruitment of scleractinian corals. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 37(2-3): 201-208.
Hoey AS, & Bellwood DR (2011) Suppression of herbivory by macroalgal density: a critical feedback on coral reefs?. Ecology letters 14: 267-273
Hughes TP, & Tanner JE (2000) Recruitment failure, life histories, and long‐term decline of Caribbean corals. Ecology 81(8): 2250-2263
Hughes TP, Baird AH, Dinsdale EA, Harriott VJ, Moltschaniwskyj NA, Pratchett MS, Tanner JE, & Willis BL (2002) Detecting regional variation using meta‐analysis and large‐scale sampling: latitudinal patterns in recruitment. Ecology 83(2): 436-451
Hughes TP, Baird AH, Dinsdale EA, Moltschaniwskyj NA, Pratchett MS, Tanner JE, & Willis BL (2000) Supply‐side ecology works both ways: The link between benthic adults, fecundity, and larval recruits. Ecology 81(8): 2241-2249
Hughes TP, Graham NA, Jackson JB, Mumby, PJ, & Steneck RS (2010) Rising to the challenge of sustaining coral reef resilience. Trends in ecology & evolution 25(11): 633-642
Johns KA, Osborne KO, & Logan M (2014) Contrasting rates of coral recovery and reassembly in coral communities on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 33(3): 553-563
Loch CH, ME Solt, E Bailey (2004) Managing projects with unforeseeable uncertainty: How a learning approach can im-prove venture capital returns. INSEAD working paper, Fon-tainebleau, France pp 1334-1347
Maida M, Sammarco PW, & Coll JC (1995) Effects of soft corals on scleractinian coral recruitment. I: Directional allelopathy and inhibition of settlement. Marine Ecology Progress Series 121: 191-202
Muko S, Arakaki S, Tamai R, & Sakai K (2014) An individual-based model for population viability analysis of the brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix. Ecological modelling 277:68-76
Mumby PJ, Hastings A, & Edwards HJ (2007) Thresholds and the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs. Nature 450(7166): 98-101
Mundy CN, & Babcock RC (1998) Role of light intensity and spectral quality in coral settlement: implications for depth-dependent settlement?. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 223(2): 235-255
Nozawa Y, Tanaka K, Reimer JD (2011) Reconsideration of the surface structure of settlement plates used in coral recruitment studies. Zool. Stud 50:53–60
Nozawa Y, & Harrison PL (2007) Effects of elevated temperature on larval settlement and post-settlement survival in scleractinian corals, Acropora solitaryensis and Favites chinensis. Marine Biology 152(5): 1181-1185
Potts DC, Done TJ, Isdale PJ, & Fisk DA (1985) Dominance of a coral community by the genus Porites (Scleractinia). Marine Ecology Progress Series 79-84
Putthayakool, j. Yeemin T, Sutthacheep M, Ruangthong C, Samsuvan W, Rattanawadee Niamsiri, Klinthong W (2017) Composition and density of juvenile corals in mu ko angthong national park in the western gulf of Thailand Proceedings of the 43th Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand, pp 288–292
Riegl BM, & Purkis SJ (2009) Model of coral population response to accelerated bleaching and mass mortality in a changing climate. ecological modelling 220(2):192-208
Roberts CM (1997) Connectivity and management of Caribbean coral reefs. Science 278(5342): 1454-1457
Roth MS, & Knowlton N (2009) Distribution, abundance, and microhabitat characterization of small juvenile corals at Palmyra Atoll. Marine Ecology Progress Series 376:133-142
Salinas-de-León P, Dryden C, Smith DJ, & Bell JJ (2013) Temporal and spatial variability in coral recruitment on two Indonesian coral reefs: consistently lower recruitment to a degraded reef. Marine Biology 160(1): 97-105
Sammarco PW (1980) Diadema and its relationship to coral spat mortality: grazing, competition, and biological disturbance. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 45(2): 245-272
Sutthacheep M, Yucharoen M, Klinthong W, Pengsakun S, Sangmanee K, & Yeemin T (2013) Impacts of the 1998 and 2010 mass coral bleaching events on the Western Gulf of Thailand. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 96: 25-31
Tomascik T (1991) Settlement patterns of Caribbean scleractinian corals on artificial substrata along a eutrophication gradient, Barbados, West Indies. Marine ecology progress series Oldendorf 77(2): 261-269
Trapon ML, Pratchett MS, Hoey AS (2013) Spatial variation in abundance, size and orientation of juvenile corals related to the biomass of parrotfishes on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. PLoS ONE 8:e57788
Vermeij MJA, Smith JE, Smith CM, Thurber RV, & Sandin SA (2009) Survival and settlement success of coral planulae: independent and synergistic effects of macroalgae and microbes. Oecologia 159(2):325-336
Yeemin T, Saenghaisuk C, Yucharoen M, Klingthong W, & Sutthacheep M (2012) Impact of the 2010 coral bleaching event on survival of juvenile coral colonies in the Similan Islands, on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Res. Bull 70: 93-102
Yeemin T, Pengsakun S, Yucharoen M, Klinthong W, Sangmanee K, & Sutthacheep M (2013) Long-term decline in Acropora species at Kut Island, Thailand, in relation to coral bleaching events. Marine Biodiversity 43(1): 23-29
Yeemin T, Saenghaisuk C, Sittiporn P, Klinthong, W, Sangmanee K, Yucharoen M, & Sutthacheep M (2010) Status of coral reefs in Thailand following the 2010 coral bleaching event. Status of coral reefs in East Asian Seas region 29-49
Yeemin T, Saenghaisuk C, Yucharoen M, Klingthong W, & Sutthacheep M (2012a) Impact of the 2010 coral bleaching event on survival of juvenile coral colonies in the Similan Islands, on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Res. Bull 70: 93-102
Yucharoen M, Yeemin T, Casareto BE, Suzuki Y, Samsuvan W, Sangmanee, Klinthong W, Pengsakun S, & Sutthacheep M (2015) Abundance, composition and growth rate of coral recruits on dead corals following the 2010 bleaching event at Mu Ko Surin, the Andaman Sea. Ocean Science Journal 50(2): 307-315
Yucharoen M, Yeemin T, Casareto BE, Suzuki Y, Samsuvan W, Sangmanee K, Klinthong W, & Sutthacheep M (2015) Abundance, composition and growth rate of coral recruits on dead corals following the 2010 bleaching event at Mu Ko Surin, the Andaman Sea. Ocean Science Journal 50(2): 307-315
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