Community structure of scleractinian corals on shallow reef flats at Ko Kula and Ko Rangka Chio, Chumphon Province
Keywords:
Mu Ko Chumphon, Porites, coral, shallow reef flatAbstract
Shallow reef flats are common in tropical coastal oceans and have the potential to make a significant contribution to essential ecosystem services for millions of people living in coastal areas globally. Corals on shallow reef flats can adapt to stress environments. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the community structure of scleractinian corals on the shallow reef flat at Mu Ko Chumphon National Park. Ko Kula and Ko Rangka Chio were selected as study sites. The coral communities were examined by using a permanent belt transects method. The covers of live corals, dead corals, rubble, sand, algae and other benthic components were recorded. Shannon's diversity index (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J') were calculated based on the number of individuals for each study site. Our results revealed that a total of 11 coral species were found in this study, and there were significant differences in coral covers at the study sites. The highest cover of benthic components at Ko Kula was algae (42.69±4.18%), while the highest at Ko Rangka Chio was live corals (48.97±4.79%). The Shannon's diversity index (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J') at Ko Kula were significantly higher than those Ko Rangka Chio. The species diversity and community structure of corals on shallow reef flats at Ko Kula and Ko Rangka Chio in the Western Gulf of Thailand were assessed. This study emphasizes the importance of management plans for coral reef conservation in the Gulf of Thailand.
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Becker JM, Merrifield MA, Ford M (2014) Water level effects on breaking wave setup for Pacific Island fringing reefs. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 119(2): 914–932
Berkelmans R, van Oppen MJH (2006) The role of zooxanthellae in the thermal tolerance of corals: a ‘nugget of hope’ for coral reefs in an era of climate change. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273: 2305–2312
Chakravarti LJ, Beltran VH, van Oppen MJH (2017) Rapid thermal adaptation in photosymbionts of reef-building corals. Global Change Biology doi:10.1111/gcb.13702
Crabbe MJC, Smith DJ (2005) Sediment impacts on growth rates of Acropora and Porites corals from fringing reefs of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coral Reefs 24:437–441
Craig P, Birkeland C, Belliveau S (2001) High temperatures tolerated by a diverse assemblage of shallow-water corals in American Samoa. Coral Reefs, 20(2): 185–189
Dunning KH (2015) Ecosystem services and community based coral reef management institutions in post blast-fishing Indonesia. Ecosystem Services 16:319–332
Falkowski PG, Dubinsky Z, Muscatine L, McCloskey L (1993) Population control in symbiotic corals. BioScience 43(9): 606–611
Hoegh-Guldberg O (1999) Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research 50: 839–866.
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Poloczanska ES, Skirving W, Dove S (2017) Coral reef ecosystems under climate change and ocean acidification. Frontiers in Marine Science 4:158: doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00158
Hughes TP, Anderson KD, Connolly SR, Heron SF, Kerry JT, Lough JM, Baird AH, Baum JK, Berumen ML, Bridge TC, Claar DC, Eakin CM, Gilmour JP, Graham NAJ, Harrison H, Hobbs JPA, Hoey AS, Hoogenboom M, Lowe RJ, McCulloch MT, Pandolfi JM, Pratchett M, Schoepf V, Torda G, Wilson SK (2018) Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene. Science 359: 80–83
Hsu FY, Wang SK, Duh CY (2018) Xeniaphyllane-Derived Terpenoids from Soft Coral Sinularia nanolobata. Marine Drugs 16(40); doi:10.3390/md16020040
Huang CY, Tseng WR, Ahmed AF, Chiang PL, Tai CJ, Hwang TL, Dai CF, Sheu JH (2018) Anti-Inflammatory Polyoxygenated Steroids from the Soft Coral Lobophytum michaelae. Marine Drugs 16(93); doi:10.3390/md16030093
Hughes TP, Graham T, Jackson JBC, Mumby PJ, Steneck RS (2010) Rising to the challenge of sustaining coral reef resilience. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25: 633–642
Hughes TP, Kerry JT, Álvarez-Noriega M, Álvarez-romero JG, Anderson KD, Baird AH, Babcock RC, Beger M, Bellwood DR, Berkelmans R, Bridge TC, Butler IR, Byrne M, Cantin NE, Comeau S, Connolly SR, Cumming GS, Dalton SJ, Diaz-Pulido C, Eakin CM, Figueira WF, Gilmour JP, Harrison HB, Heron SF, Hoey AS, Hobbs JPA, Hoogenboom MO, Kennedy EV, Kuo C, Lough JM, Lowe RJ, Liu G,. McCulloch MT, Malcolm HA, McWilliam MJ,. Pandolfi JM, Pears RJ, Pratchett MS, Schoepf V, Simpson T, Skirving WJ, Sommer B, Torda G, Wachenfeld DR, Willis BL, Wilson SK (2017) Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals. Nature 543: doi:10.1038/nature21707
Hume B, Angelo CD, Burt J, Baker AC, Riegl B, Wiedenmann J (2013) Corals from the Persian/Arabian Gulf as models for thermotolerant reef-builders: Prevalence of clade C3 Symbiodinium, host fluorescence and ex situ temperature tolerance. Marine Pollution Bulletin 72(2): 313–322
Kennedy DM, Woodroffe CD (2002) Fringing reef growth and morphology: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 57: 255–277
Kramarsky E, Loya Y (2000) Tissue regenetion in the coral Fungia granulosa: the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factor. Marine Biology 137: 867–873
Matz MV, Treml EA, Aglyamova GV, Bay LK (2018) Potential and limits for rapid genetic adaptation to warming in a Great Barrier Reef coral. PLoS Genet 14(4): doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007220
LaJeunesse TC, Smith R, Walther M, Pinzón J, Pettay DT, McGinley M, Aschaffenburg M, Medina-Rosas P, Cupul-Magaña AL, Pérez AL, Reyes-Bonilla H, Warner ME (2010) Host–symbiont recombination versus natural selection in the response of coral–dinoflagellate symbioses to environmental disturbance. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277: 2925–2934
Moberg F, Folke C (1999) Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems. Ecological Economics, 29(2): 215–233
Oliver ECJ, Donat MG, Burrows MT, Moore PJ, Smale DA, Alexander LV, Benthuysen JA, Feng M, Gupta AS, Hobday AJ, Holbrook NJ, Perkins-Kirkpatrick SE, Scannell HA, Straub SC, Wernberg T (2018) Longer and more frequent marine heat waves over the past century. Nature Communications doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03732-9
Palumbi SR, Barshis DJ, Taylor-Knowles N, Bay RA (2014). Mechainsms of reef coral resistance to future climate change. Science 344: 895–898
Purcell S (2002) Intertidal reefs under extreme tidal flux in Buccaneer Archipelago, Western Australia. Coral Reefs 21: 191–192
Richards ZT, Garcia RA, Wallace CC, Rosser NL, Muir PR (2015) A diverse assemblage of reef corals thriving in a dynamic intertidal reef setting (Bonaparte Archipelago, Kimberley, Australia). PLoS ONE 10(2): doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117791
Rosser NL, Veron JEN (2010) Australian corals thriving out of water in an extreme environment. Coral Reefs 30:21 doi: 10.1007/s00338-010-0689-z
Schoepf V, Stat M, Falter JL, McCulloch MT (2015) Limits to the thermal tolerance of corals adapted to a highly fluctuating, naturally extreme temperature environment. Scientific Reports 5: doi:10.1038/srep17639
Schoepf V, Carrion SA, Pfeifer SM, Naugle M, Dugal L, Bruyn J, McCulloch MT (2019) Stress-resistant corals may not acclimatize to ocean warming but maintain heat tolerance under cooler temperatures. Nature Communications 10: doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12065-0
Spalding M, Burke L, Wood SA, Ashpole J, Hutchison J, Ermgassen P (2017) Mapping the global value and distribution of coral reef tourism. Mar. Policy 82: 104–113
Sutthacheep M, Yucharoen M, Klinthong W, Pengsakun S, Sangmanee K, Yeemin T (2013) Impacts of the 1998 and 2010 mass coral bleaching events on the Western Gulf of Thailand. Deep-Sea Research II 96: 25–31
Torda G, Donelson JM, Aranda M, Barshis DJ, Bay L, Berumen ML, Bourne DG, Cantin N, Foret S, Matz M, Miller DJ, Moya A, Putnam HM, Ravasi T, van Oppen MJH, Thurber RV, Vidal-Dupiol J, Voolstra CR, Watson SA, Whitelaw E, Willis BL, Munday PL (2017) Rapid adaptive responses to climate change in corals. Nature Climate Change 7:doi:10.1038/nclimate3374
Spalding MD, Brown BE (2015) Warm-water coral reefs and climate change. Science 350:769–771
Steig EJ, Schneider DP, Rutherford SD, Mann ME, Comiso JC, Shindell DT (2009) Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year.
Syms C, Kingsford MJ (2009). Coral reef habitats and assemblages. In Hutchings P, Kingsford M, Hoegh-Guldberg O (Eds.) The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, environment and management Collingwood, Australia: Springer Science. pp. 40–50
Wild C, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Naumann MS, Colombo-Pallotta MF, Ateweberhan M., Fitt W K, Iglesias-Prieto R, Palmer C, Bythell JC, Ortiz JC, Loya JY, van Woesik R (2011). Climate change impedes scleractinian corals as primary reef ecosystem engineers. Marine and Freshwater Research 62: 205–215
Ye F, Zhu ZD, Gu YC, Li J, Zhu WL, Guo YW (2018) Further New Diterpenoids as PTP1B Inhibitors from the Xisha Soft Coral Sinularia polydactyla. Marine Drugs 16(103); doi:10.3390/md16040103
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