Abundance, composition of microplastics in dried anchovy products from the Western Gulf of Thailand
Keywords:
Plastic waste, Microplastics, Western Gulf of Thailand, Dried anchovy, SeafoodAbstract
Plastic waste is a serious problem today after it enters the sea. This plastic can break into small pieces called microplastics. Microplastics is a plastic particle which is less than 5 mm. Microplastics can be transferred to marine food webs through ingestion and accumulation of marine organisms. It has become a serious pollution problem now. This study focused on dried anchovy products from the Western Gulf of Thailand that can be bought from the local fishing market to assess microplastic contamination in dried anchovies. The samples were digested with 30% hydrogen peroxide solution, then filtering with a filter paper. Then use a stereo microscope to analyze the microplastic characteristics (color, shape, and size). The polymer was then classified using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results from five products showed that the abundance of microplastics in dried anchovy fishes varied from 0.47, 1.04, 2.27, 2.94, and 3.18 particles per gram. The size of microplastics found is in the range of 109-1,006 microns. This study suggests microplastics found in dried anchovies are a seafood safety issue in an economic fish that is important to humans.
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Møller, A.P., Flensted-Jensen, E., Laursen, K., Mardal, W., 2014. Fertilizer leakage to the marine environment, ecosystem effects and population trends of waterbirds in Denmark. Ecosystems 18, 30–44.
Moore, C.J., 2008. Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: a rapidly increasing, long-term threat. Environ. Res. 108, 131–139.
Mundy CN. An appraisal of methods used in coral recruitment studies. Coral Reefs. 2000;19(2):124–31.
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Penin, L., Michonneau, F., Baird, A.H., Connolly, S.R., Pratchett, M.S., Kayal, M., Adjeroud, M., 2010. Early post-settlement mortality and the structure of coral assemblages. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 408, 55–64.
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Randall CJ, Negri AP, Quigley KM, Foster T, Ricardo GF, Webster NS, et al. Sexual production of corals for reef restoration in the Anthropocene. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2020; 635: 203–32.
Ritson-Williams R, Arnold S, Fogarty N, Steneck RS, Vermeij M, Paul VJ. New perspectives on ecological mechanisms affecting coral recruitment on reefs. Smithson Contrib Mar Sci. 2009;(38):437–57.
Sammarco PW (1991) Geographically specific recruitment and post-settlement mortality as influences on coral communities: the cross-continental shelf transplant experiment. Limnol Oceanogr 36: 496-514
Selkoe KA, Toonen RJ (2011) Marine connectivity: a new look at pelagic larval duration and genetic metrics of dispersal, Mar Ecol Prog Ser 436: 291-305
Sutthacheep M, Yeemin T, Ruangthong C. Coral recruitment and self-seeding potential in Mu Ko Samet , the Gulf of Thailand. 2020. Ramkhamhaeng International Journal of Science and Technology (2020) 3(1): 7-16.
Tomascik T. Settlement patterns of Caribbean scleractinian corals on artificial substrata along a eutrophication gradient, Barbados, West Indies. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1991;77(2–3):261–9.
Veron J, Stafford-Smith M, DeVantier L, Turak E. Overview of distribution patterns of zooxanthellate Scleractinia. Front Mar Sci. 2015;2(FEB):1–19.
Wallace C.C. (1985) Seasonal peaks and annual fluctuations in recruitment of juvenile scleractinian corals. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 21: 289±298
Wallace, C.C., and Bull, G.D. (1981) Patterns of juvenile coral recruitment on a reef front during a spring-summer spawning period. Proc 4th Int Coral Reef Sump Manila 2: 345±350.
Baird AH, Hughes TP (1997) Spatial variation in coral recruitment around Lizard Island, Australia. Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Symp Panama 2: 1207±1210
Birkeland C, Rowley D, Randall RH. Coral recruitment patterns at Guam. Proc 4th Int Coral Reef Symp, Manila 1981;2(April):339–44.
Birkeland C. 1977 The importance of rate of biomass accumulation in early successional stages of benthic communities to the survival of coral recruits. Proc 3rd Int Coral Reef Symp 1:15–21
Cameron KA, Harrison PL. 2020 Density of coral larvae can influence settlement, post-settlement colony abundance and coral cover in larval restoration. Sci Rep. 10(1):1–12.
Carleton JH, Sammarco PW (1987) E?ects of substratum irreg- ularity on success of coral settlement: quanti®cation by comparative geomorphological techniques. Bull Mar Sci 40: 85±98
Coles, S.L., Brown, B.E., 2003. Coral bleaching - capacity for acclimatization and adap- tation. In: Southward, A.J., Tyler, P.A., Young, C.M., Fuiman, L.A. (Eds.), Advances in Marine Biology. Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 183–212.
Cooper WT, Lirman D, Vangroningen MP, Parkinson JE, Herlan J, McManus JW. Assessing techniques to enhance early post-settlement survival of corals in situ for reef restoration. Bull Mar Sci. 2014;90(2):651–64.
dela Cruz, D.W., Harrison, P.L., 2020. Enhancing coral recruitment through assisted mass settlement of cultured coral larvae. PLoS One 15, 1–21.
Doropoulos, C., Ward, S., Roff, G., González-Rivero, M., Mumby, P.J., 2015. Linking demographic processes of juvenile corals to benthic recovery trajectories in two common reef habitats. PLoS One 10, 1–23.
Dunstan PK, Johnson CR (1998) Spatio-temporal variation in coral recruitment at di?erent scales on Heron Reef, southern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 17: 71±82
Eakin, C.M., Sweatman, H.P.A., Brainard, R.E., 2019. The 2014–2017 global-scale coral bleaching event: insights and impacts. Coral Reefs 38, 539–545.
Fabricius, K.E., 2005. Effects of terrestrial runoff on the ecology of corals and coral reefs: review and synthesis. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50, 125–146.
Feng M, Colberg F, Slawinski D, Berry O, Babcock R, (2016) Ocean circulation drives heterogeneous recruitments and connectivity among coral populations on the North West Shelf of Australia. J. Marine. Systv.164: 1-12.
Fisk DA, Harriott VJ (1990) Spatial and temporal variation in coral recruitment on the Great Barrier Reef: implications for dispersal hypotheses. Mar Biol 107: 485±490
Gilmour JP, Smith LD, Heyward AJ, Baird AH, Pratchett MS. Recovery of an isolated coral reef system following severe disturbance. Science. 2013; 340: 69–71.
Gouezo M, Golbuu Y, Fabricius K, Olsudong D, Mereb G, Nestor V, et al. Drivers of recovery and reas- sembly of coral reef communities. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2019; 286: 20182908.
Harriott VJ, Banks SA (1995) Recruitment of scleractinian corals in the Solitary Islands Marine Reserve, a high latitude coral dominated community in eastern Australia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 123:155–161
Harriott VJ (1992) Recruitment patterns of scleractianan corals in an isolated sub-tropical reef system. Coral Reefs 11: 215-219
Harriott VJ, Fisk DA (1987) A comparison of settlement plate types for experiments on the recruitment of scleractinian corals. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 37: 201±208
Heron, S.F., Maynard, J.A., Van Hooidonk, R., Eakin, C.M., 2016. Warming trends and bleaching stress of the world’s coral reefs 1985–2012. Sci. Rep. 6, 1–14.
Ho, M.J., Dai, C.F., 2014. Coral recruitment of a subtropical coral community at Yenliao Bay, northern Taiwan. Zool. Stud. 53, 1–10.
Hughes, T.P., Kerry, J.T., Álvarez- Noriega, M., Álvarez-Romero, J.G., Anderson, K.D., Baird, A.H., et al., 2017. Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals. Nature 543 (7645), 373–377.
Hughes, T.P., Kerry, J.T., Baird, A.H., Connolly, S.R., Dietzel, A., Eakin, C.M., et al., 2018. Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages. Nature 556 (7702), 492–496.
Klinthong, W., Saenghaisuk, C., Yucharoen, M., Sutthacheep, M., Yeemin,T. 2013. Coral recruitment on settlement panels at Mu Ko Surin before and after the 2010 coral bleaching phenomenon. In: Proceedings of 39th Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand. 5pp.
Klinthong, W., Yeemin, T., Sutthacheep, M., Pengsakun, S. 2014. Coral larval supply at impacted reefs from the 2010 coral bleaching event: a case study in the Andaman Sea. In: Proceedings of the 40th Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand (STT40). 721 – 726 p.
Klinthong, W., Yeemin, T., Sutthacheep, M., Suebpala, W., Niemsiri, R. 2015. Coral recruitment on settlement panels at Ko Samui before and after the 2010 coral bleaching phenomenon. Proceedings of the 41st Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand (STT41). 500-506 p.
Klinthong, W., Yeemin, T., Sutthacheep, M., Samsuvan, W., Niemsiri, R., Phoaduang, S., Chunhabundit, S. 2018. Coral recruitment patterns on settlement panels in Mu Ko Chumphon, the Western Gulf of Thailand. In: Proceedings of 44th Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand. (STT 44). October 29 - 31, 2018, Bangkok, Thailand. 332-336 p
Kough A S, Paris C B (2015) The influence of spawning periodicity on population connectivity. Coral Reefs 3: 1–5.
Lesser, M.P., Farrell, J.H., 2004. Exposure to solar radiation increases damage to both host tissues and algal symbionts of corals during thermal stress. Coral Reefs 23 (3), 367–377.
Møller, A.P., Flensted-Jensen, E., Laursen, K., Mardal, W., 2014. Fertilizer leakage to the marine environment, ecosystem effects and population trends of waterbirds in Denmark. Ecosystems 18, 30–44.
Moore, C.J., 2008. Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: a rapidly increasing, long-term threat. Environ. Res. 108, 131–139.
Mundy CN. An appraisal of methods used in coral recruitment studies. Coral Reefs. 2000;19(2):124–31.
Mwachireya SA, Nzioka AM, Mutiso DN. 2017Coral Recruit-Algae Interactions in Coral Reef Lagoons Are Mediated by Riverine Influences. Int J Ecol. 1351854.
Penin, L., Michonneau, F., Baird, A.H., Connolly, S.R., Pratchett, M.S., Kayal, M., Adjeroud, M., 2010. Early post-settlement mortality and the structure of coral assemblages. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 408, 55–64.
Prouty, N.G., Goodkin, N.F., Jones, R., Lamborg, C.H., Storlazzi, C.D., Hughen, K.A., 2013. Environmental assessment of metal exposure to corals living in Castle Harbour, Bermuda. Mar. Chem. 154, 55–66.
Randall CJ, Negri AP, Quigley KM, Foster T, Ricardo GF, Webster NS, et al. Sexual production of corals for reef restoration in the Anthropocene. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2020; 635: 203–32.
Ritson-Williams R, Arnold S, Fogarty N, Steneck RS, Vermeij M, Paul VJ. New perspectives on ecological mechanisms affecting coral recruitment on reefs. Smithson Contrib Mar Sci. 2009;(38):437–57.
Sammarco PW (1991) Geographically specific recruitment and post-settlement mortality as influences on coral communities: the cross-continental shelf transplant experiment. Limnol Oceanogr 36: 496-514
Selkoe KA, Toonen RJ (2011) Marine connectivity: a new look at pelagic larval duration and genetic metrics of dispersal, Mar Ecol Prog Ser 436: 291-305
Sutthacheep M, Yeemin T, Ruangthong C. Coral recruitment and self-seeding potential in Mu Ko Samet , the Gulf of Thailand. 2020. Ramkhamhaeng International Journal of Science and Technology (2020) 3(1): 7-16.
Tomascik T. Settlement patterns of Caribbean scleractinian corals on artificial substrata along a eutrophication gradient, Barbados, West Indies. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1991;77(2–3):261–9.
Veron J, Stafford-Smith M, DeVantier L, Turak E. Overview of distribution patterns of zooxanthellate Scleractinia. Front Mar Sci. 2015;2(FEB):1–19.
Wallace C.C. (1985) Seasonal peaks and annual fluctuations in recruitment of juvenile scleractinian corals. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 21: 289±298
Wallace, C.C., and Bull, G.D. (1981) Patterns of juvenile coral recruitment on a reef front during a spring-summer spawning period. Proc 4th Int Coral Reef Sump Manila 2: 345±350.
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