An 1H-NMR-based Metabolomics approach for understanding the influence of geographical origin differentiation on the major diarylheptanoid phytoestrogens in Curcuma comosa rhizome
Keywords:
Chemometrics, Fingerprinting, Food authentication, Wan Chak Motluk, OPLS-DA, PCAAbstract
Curcuma comosa has been widely used for gynecological herbal or traditional medicinal purposes. It has been reported that this turmeric plant offers several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic, and estrogen-like effects. Authentication of C. comosa is crucial to ensure its authenticity and prevent adulteration. Plants from different origins will have distinct metabolite compositions due to the influence of soil nutrition, climate, temperature, and humidity. We used 1H-NMR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics (Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA)) analysis to unveil metabolic differences among C. comosa samples from six different provinces of Thailand (Kalasin, Nakhon Phanom, Samut Sakhon, Nakhon Pathom, Phetchabun, and Chiang Mai). The 1H-NMR analysis revealed the presence of twelve metabolites, including DA1-DA5, sucrose, α-glucose, β-glucose, formate, fatty acids, and two DA-OAc, which were identified as potential metabolites for differentiating geographical origins. Additionally, a higher normalized abundance of DA1-DA5 was observed in C. comosa from Nakhon Pathom, Phetchabun, Samut Sakhon, and Nakhon Phanom compared to Chiang Mai and Kalasin. Both the optimal PCA and OPLS-DA models demonstrated a good fit (R2 > 0.8) and strong predictivity (Q2 > 0.5). The optimal OPLS-DA model was validated through permutation tests, yielding high values for the original R2 and Q2. In conclusion, metabolite fingerprinting using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics provides a powerful tool for authenticating C. comosa rhizomes.
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