PM2.5 Air Pollution: Molecular Pathogenesis and Global Disease Burden in Cancer and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases
Keywords:
PM2.5, Carcinogenesis, Respiratory Disease, Cardiovascular disease, Chronic non-communicable diseasesAbstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution significantly increases illness and death, especially among vulnerable groups like children and the elderly in low- and middle-income countries. Epidemiological data strongly associates PM2.5 exposure with higher rates of morbidity and mortality across a range of health issues, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, metabolic and neurological disorders, as well as different types of cancer. This review synthesizes current research on the health impacts of PM2.5, including its association with respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and various cancers. The review also presents the global disease burden linked to PM2.5, incorporating various epidemiological studies. It also highlights the critical need for regulations, innovative technology, and public health strategies to reduce exposure and protect human health. Despite significant progress, important gaps persist in understanding the specific molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 toxicity across organ systems and the relative contributions of distinct PM components. Future research is essential to better understand the molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 and to develop effective strategies to protect public health. Coordinated efforts across various sectors are necessary to combat the health risks posed by PM2.5References
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