BEHAVIOR OF UNPAVED ROAD REINFORCED WITH TRIAXIAL GEOGRID SUBJECTED TO BEARING PRESSURE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research presents an improvement of unpaved roads using triaxial geogrid installed between the base and subgrade layers. The impact of installing geogrid at different intervals and the bearing capacity of unpaved roads with and without geogrid reinforcements were studied. The unpaved road samples included a 0.8-m-thick high plasticity clay and 0.2-m-thick crushed rock. The samples were prepared in a square steel mold 1.5m in width and 1.2 m in high, and the geogrid was installed at the interface between the high plasticity clay and the crushed rock, as well as at the mid-depth of the crushed rock layer. Testing was conducted under static load test conditions according to standard TIS 1253-62. Results show that when improving the unpaved roads with triaxial geogrid reinforcement, the bearing capacity increases by a factor of 1.63, and settlement reduces under the working pressure.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The published articles are copyright of the Engineering Journal of Research and Development, The Engineering Institute of Thailand Under H.M. The King's Patronage (EIT).
References
S.K. Shukla Geosynthetics and their applications. London: Thomas Telford Publishing; 2002.
Dong, Y., Han, J., & Bai, X. A numerical study on the stress-strain responses of biaxial geogrids under tension at different directions. ASCE G-I GeoFlorida Conference; 2010.
G.T. Mehrjardi, A. Ghanbari, H. Mehdizadeh. Experimental study on the behaviour of triaxial geogrid-reinforced slopes with respect to
aggregate size. Geotext. Geomembranes, 2016, 44 (6), pp. 862–871.
Q. Chen, S. Hanandeh, M. Abu-Farsakh, L., Mohammad. Performance evaluation of full-scale geosynthetic reinforced flexible pavement. Geosynth. Int, 2018, 25 (1), pp. 26–36.
M. Esmaeili, J.A. Zakeri, M. Babaei. Laboratory and field investigation of the effect of triaxial geogrid-reinforced ballast on railway track lateral resistance. Geotext. Geomembranes, 2017, 45 (2), pp. 23–33.
X. Sun, J. Han, R. Corey. Equivalent modulus of triaxial geogrid-stabilized granular base back-calculated using permanent deformation. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, 2017, 143 (9), 06017012.
J.Q. Wang, L.L. Zhang, J.F. Xue, Y. Tang, Load-settlement response of shallow square footings on triaxial geogrid-reinforced sand under cyclic loading. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2018, 46, pp. 586–596.
Q. Chen, M. Abu-Farsakh, R. Sharma. Experimental and analytical studies of reinforced crushed limestone. Geotext. Geomembr, 2009, 27(5), pp. 357–367.
Q. Chen, M. Abu-Farsakh. Ultimate bearing capacity analysis of strip footings on reinforced soil foundation. Soils Found, 2015, 55(1) pp. 74–85.
L. Suku, S.S. Prabhu, G.L.S. Babu. Effect of triaxial geogrid-reinforcement in granular bases under repeated Loading. Geotext. Geomembr, 2017, 45, pp. 377-389.
M.Y. Fattah, M.R. Mahmood, M.F. Aswad. Stress Distribution from Railway Track over Geogrid Reinforced Ballast underlain by Clay. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2019, 18 (1), pp. 77-93.
M.Y. Fattah, N.M. Salim, M.S. Ismaiel. Influence of Geogrid Reinforcement of Sand in Transfer of Dynamic Loading to Underground Structure. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 856 012013, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 856. Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/856/1/012013.
B.A. Mir, B.A. Wani, N. Ahmad, R. Ayoub, J. Aziz. Comparative Study on Load-Settlement Behavior of Shallow Footings on Dredged Material underlain by a Rigid Base. World Res J Civ Eng, 2014, 3 (1), pp. 34-38.
Q. Chen, An Experimental Study on Characteristics and Behavior of Reinforced Soil Foundation. Doctoral Dissertation 3361, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2007.
Q. Chen, M. Abu-Farsakh. Mitigating the bridge end bump problem: A case study of a new approach slab system with geosynthetic reinforced soil foundation. Geotext. Geomembr, 2016, 44, pp. 39–50.
C.C. Huang, M.Y. Al-Aghbari, Y.E.A. Mohamedzein. Ultimate bearing capacity of saturated reinforced horizontal ground. Geosynth. Int, 2016, 23, pp. 1–8.
M. Mosallanezhad, N. Hataf, S.S. Taghavi. Experimental and large-scale field tests of grid-anchor system performance in increasing the ultimate bearing capacity of granular soils. Can. Geotech. J, 2016, 53, pp. 1047–1058.
Perkins SW Geosynthetic reinforcement of flexible pavements: laboratory based pavement test sections. Federal Highway , 1999.Administration Report No. FHWA/MT-99-001/81838
C.-C. Huang, F. Tatsuoka. Bearing capacity of reinforced horizontal sandy ground. Geotext. Geomembr, 1990, 9, pp. 51–82.
Q. Chen, Triaxial geogrid-Enhanced Modulus and Stress Distribution in Clay Soil Geotechnics, 2024, 4, pp. 41–53.
I.L. Al-Qadi, S.H. Dessouky, J. Kwon, E. Tutumluer, Geogrid in flexible pavements: validated mechanism. In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2045. National Research Council, 2008, 02-109.
C.G. Bao, M.Y. Wang, J.H. Ding, Mechanism of soil reinforced with triaxial geogrid. J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Inst, 2013, 30, pp. 34–41.
M. Abu-Farsakh, Q. Chen, R. Sharma, An experimental evaluation of the behavior of footings on geosynthetic-reinforced sand. Soils Found, 2013, 53 (2), pp. 335–348.
K.S. Gill, A.K. Choudhary, J.N. Jha, S.K. Shukla, Experimental and numerical studies of loaded strip footing resting on reinforced fly ash slope. Geosynth. Int, 2013, 20 (1), pp. 13–25.
A. Demir, M. Laman, A. Yildiz, M. Ornek, Large scale field tests on triaxial geogrid-reinforced granular fill underlain by clay soil. Geotext. Geomembr, 2013, 38, pp. 1-15.
J.Q. Wang, L.L. Zhang, J.F. Xue, Y. Tang, Load-settlement response of shallow square footings on triaxial geogrid-reinforced sand under cyclic loading. Geotext. Geomembr, 2018, 46 (5), pp. 586-596.
X.H. Sun, J. Han, J. Kwon, R.L. Parsons, M.H. Wayne, Radial stresses and resilient deformations of geogrid-stabilized unpaved roads under cyclic plate loading tests. Geotext. Geomembr, 2015, 43 (5), 440e449.
X.H. Sun, J. Han, M.H. Wayne, R.L. Parsons, J. Kwon, Determination of load equivalency for unpaved roads. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads (Transportation Research Record, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2015, 2473, pp. 233e241.
ASTM D4318-17e1 Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, 2018.
ASTM D854-23 Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer, 2023.
ASTM D1557-12 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort, 2021.
ASTM D1883-21 Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory Compacted Soil, 2021.
ASTM D6913/D6913M-17 Standard Test Method for Particle-size Distribution of Soil Using Sieve Analysis, 2021.
ASTM D7928-21e1 Standard Test Method for Particle-size Distribution Soil Using The Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis, 2021.
มยผ.1253 -62, มาตรฐานการทดสอบความสามารถในการรับน้ำหนักบรรทุกของดิน, กรมโยธาและผังเมือง, กระทรวงมหาดไทย พ.ศ.2562.
Lutenegger, A.J. and Adams, M.T. Bearing Capaicty of Footings on Compacted Sand. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(1): 30–36. Proceedings: Fourth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, March 9-12, 1998.
J. Binquet, K.L. Lee, Bearing capacity tests on reinforced earth slabs. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, 1975, 101 (12), pp. 1241–1255.
E. Badakhshan, A. Noorzad, Load eccentricity effects on behavior of circular footings reinforced with triaxial geogrid sheets. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 7 (6), pp. 691–699.
Y. Xu, G. Yan, D.J. Williams, M. Serati, A. Scheuermann, T. Vangsness, Experimental and numerical studies of a strip footing on geosynthetic-reinforced sand. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotech, 2019, 20 (5), pp. 1–14
Laman M, Yildiz A, Demir A, Ornek M Shallow foundations on geogrid reinforced soft clay. In: 4th European geosynthetics conference (EuroGeo4), Edinburgh, Scotland, 7–10 September. 2008
Q. Chen, An experimental study on characteristics and behavior of reinforced soil footing. PhD Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA, 2007.
Bowles, J. E. Foundation Analysis and Design. 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, USA, 1988.
Subinay Saha Roy and Kousik Deb, Modulus of Subgrade Reaction of Unreinforced and Triaxial geogrid-Reinforced Granular Fill Over Soft Clay. Int. J. Geomech, 2021, 21(9), 04021156.