Optimization of Hydraulic Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate in Anaerobic Digestion of Squeezed Pineapple Liquid Wastes for Biogas Production
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Published:
Jul 13, 2021
Keywords:
Pineapple wastes HRT OLR COD removal Biogas Methane
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Abstract
Pineapple wastes are produced in huge amount during the industrial canning process of pineapple; in Thailand over 400,000 tons per annum of canned pineapple exported leaving behind the waste. Besides the pulps and peels as solid wastes, the squeezed pineapple liquid wastes (SPLW) extracted from solid wastes can also be used for anaerobic digestion. In the present study, the anaerobic digestion of liquid squeezed from industrial pineapple peels was carried out using a lab-scale hybrid reactor. The reactor was operated for over 170 days with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 days decreasing down to 5 days and simultaneous control of organic loading rate (OLR). Under controlled conditions in the hybrid reactor, pH was maintained at 6.5–7.6 by adding alkaline for anaerobic microbial activity. Results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was at ≥ 90% for all conditions. The biogas production (mL/day) increased thoroughly from longer HRT to shorter HRT, as same as methane production with the maximum values (HRT 5 days, OLR 5 g/COD/ day with recirculation) of 55,130 and 30,322 mL/day, respectively. Moreover, the highest yields of biogas and methane were also investigated under similar conditions with the values of 0.504 and 0.277 L/gCOD, respectively. Interestingly, this optimization of both HRT and OLR of lab-scale anaerobic digestion process could be further practically applied to pilot or industrial scale in canned pineapple factories for biogas production.
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Pattharaprachayakul, N., Kesonlam, N., Duangjumpa, P., Rungsardthong, V., Suvajittanont, W., & Lamsal, B. (2021). Optimization of Hydraulic Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate in Anaerobic Digestion of Squeezed Pineapple Liquid Wastes for Biogas Production. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 14(3), 468–476. https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2021.04.004
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References
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[32] Z. Kong, J. Wu, C. Rong, T. Wang, L. Li, Z. Luo, J. Ji, T. Hanaoka, S. Sakemi, M. Ito, S. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, Y. Qin, and Y.-Y. Li, “Large pilot-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for the treatment of municipal wastewater and biogas production at 25°C,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 319, p. 124123, 2021, doi: 10.1016/ j.biortech.2020.124123.
[33] A. Ebrahimi, H. Hashemi, H. Eslami, R. A. Fallahzadeh, R. Khosravi, R. Askari, and E. Ghahramani, “Kinetics of biogas production and chemical oxygen demand removal from compost leachate in an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 206, pp. 707–714, 2018.
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[35] C. Veluchamy, B. H. Gilroyed, and A. S. Kalamdhad, “Process performance and biogas production optimizing of mesophilic plug flow anaerobic digestion of corn silage,” Fuel, vol. 253, pp. 1097– 1103, 2019.
[36] D. S. Rani and K. Nand, “Ensilage of pineapple processing waste for methane generation,” Waste Management, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 523–528, 2004.
[37] S. Begum, G. R. Anupoju, S. Sridhar, S. K. Bhargava, V. Jegatheesan, and N. Eshtiaghi, “Evaluation of single and two stage anaerobic digestion of landfill leachate: Effect of pH and initial organic loading rate on volatile fatty acid (VFA) and biogas production,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 251, pp. 364–373, 2018.
[38] Z. Zuo, S. Wu, W. Zhang, and R. Dong, “Effects of organic loading rate and effluent recirculation on the performance of two-stage anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 146, pp. 556–561, 2013.
[39] R. Lukitawesa, R. Wikandari, M. J. Taherzadeh, and C. Niklasson, “Effect of effluent recirculation on biogas production using two-stage anaerobic digestion of citrus waste,” Molecules, vol. 23, no. 12, p. 3380, 2018, doi: 10.3390/molecules23123380.
[2] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “FAOSTAT,” 2020. [Online]. Available: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data
[3] L. M. R. de Silva, E. A. T. de Figueiredo, N. M. P. S. Ricardo, I. G. P. Vieira, R. W. de Figueiredo, I. M. Brasil, and C. L. Gomes, “Quantification of bioactive compounds in pulps and by-products of tropical fruits from Brazil,” Food Chemistry, vol. 143, pp. 398–404, 2014.
[4] P. Namsree, W. Suvajittanont, C. Puttanlek, D. Uttapap, and V. Rungsardthong, “Anaerobic digestion of pineapple pulp and peel in a plug-flow reactor,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 110, pp. 40–47, 2012.
[5] F. G. Fermoso, A. Serrano, B. Alonso-Farinas, J. Fernandez-Bolanos, R. Borja, and G. Rodriguez- Gutierrez, “Valuable compound extraction, anaerobic digestion, and composting: A leading biorefinery approach for agricultural wastes,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 66, no. 32, pp. 8451–8468, 2018.
[6] L. Seguí Gil and P. Fito Maupoey, “An integrated approach for pineapple waste valorisation. Bioethanol production and bromelain extraction from pineapple residues,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 172, pp. 1224–1231, 2018.
[7] A. Reungsang and C. Sreela-or, “Bio-hydrogen production from pineapple waste extract by anaerobic mixed cultures,” Energies, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 2175–2190, 2013.
[8] T.-T. Nguyen, C.-Y. Chu, and C.-M. Ou, “Pretreatment study on two-stage biohydrogen and biomethane productions in a continuous co-digestion process from a mixture of swine manure and pineapple waste,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 20, pp. 11325–11336, 2021.
[9] D. Brown, J. Shi, and Y. Li, “Comparison of solid-state to liquid anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic feedstocks for biogas production,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 124, pp. 379–386, 2012.
[10] Y.-S. Cheng, P. Mutrakulcharoen, S. Chuetor, K. Cheenkachorn, P. Tantayotai, E. J. Panakkal, and M. Sriariyanun, “Recent situation and progress in biorefining process of lignocellulosic biomass: Toward green economy,” Applied Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 299–311, 2020, doi: 10.14416/j.asep.2020.08.002.
[11] H.-W. Yuan, L. Tan, K. Kida, S. Morimura, Z.-Y. Sun, and Y.-Q. Tang, “Potential for reduced water consumption in biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol and biogas,” Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.12.015.
[12] N. Jusoh, N. Othman, A. Idris, and A. Nasruddin, “Characterization of liquid pineapple waste as carbon source for production of succinic acid,” Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 11–13, 2014.
[13] L. Hagman, A. Blumenthal, M. Eklund, and N. Svensson, “The role of biogas solutions in sustainable biorefineries,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 172, pp. 3982–3989, 2018.
[14] A. Varol and A. Ugurlu, “Comparative evaluation of biogas production from dairy manure and co-digestion with maize silage by CSTR and new anaerobic hybrid reactor,” Engineering in Life Sciences, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 402–412, 2017.
[15] E. Tamburini, M. Gaglio, G. Castaldelli, and E. A. Fano, “Biogas from agri-food and agricultural waste can appreciate agro-ecosystem services: The case study of Emilia Romagna region,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 20, p. 8392, 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12208392.
[16] K. Rajendran, D. Mahapatra, A. V. Venkatraman, S. Muthuswamy, and A. Pugazhendhi, “Advancing anaerobic digestion through twostage processes: Current developments and future trends,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 123, p. 109746, 2020, doi: 10.1016/ j.rser.2020.109746.
[17] A. Tawai, K. Kitsubthawee, C. Panjapornpon, and W. Shao, “Hybrid control scheme for anaerobic digestion in a cstr-uasb reactor system,” Applied Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 213–223, 2020, doi: 10.14416/j.asep.2020.06.004.
[18] B. Kamyab, H. Zilouei, and B. Rahmanian, “Investigation of the effect of hydraulic retention time on anaerobic digestion of potato leachate in two-stage Mixed-UASB system,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 130, p. 105383, 2019.
[19] L. Wei, X. An, S. Wang, C. Xue, J. Jiang, Q. Zhao, F. T. Kabutey, and K. Wang, “Effect of hydraulic retention time on deterioration/restarting of sludge anaerobic digestion: Extracellular polymeric substances and microbial response,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 244, pp. 261–269, 2017.
[20] S. M. Wandera, M. Westerholm, W. Qiao, D. Yin, M. Jiang, and R. Dong, “The correlation of methanogenic communities’ dynamics and process performance of anaerobic digestion of thermal hydrolyzed sludge at short hydraulic retention times,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 272, pp. 180–187, 2019.
[21] APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th ed., Washington DC: American Water Works Association, 1995.
[22] B. Suraraksa, A. Nopharatana, P. Chaiprasert, S. Bhumiratana, and M. Tanticharoen, “Effect of substrate feeding concentration on initial biofilm development in anaerobic hybrid reactor,” ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development, vol. 20, no. 3–4, pp. 361–372, 2003.
[23] T. A. S. Biosantech, D. Rutz, R. Janssen, and B. Drosg, “2 - Biomass resources for biogas production,” in The Biogas Handbook, A. Wellinger, J. Murphy, and D. Baxter, Ed., Cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing, 2013, pp. 19–51.
[24] L. A. d. Santos, R. B. Valença, L. C. S. d. Silva, S. H. d. B. Holanda, A. F. V. d. Silva, J. F. T. Jucá, and A. F. M. S. Santos, “Methane generation potential through anaerobic digestion of fruit waste,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 256, p. 120389, 2020, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120389.
[25] P. Chaiprasert, N. Hudayah, and C. Auphimai, “Efficacies of various anaerobic starter seeds for biogas production from different types of wastewater,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2017, p. 2782850, 2017, doi: 10.1155/2017/ 2782850.
[26] S. Achinas, V. Achinas, and G. J. W. Euverink, “A technological overview of biogas production from biowaste,” Engineering, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 299–307, 2017.
[27] N. Vats, A. A. Khan, and K. Ahmad, “Observation of biogas production by sugarcane bagasse and food waste in different composition combinations,” Energy, vol. 185, pp. 1100–1105, 2019.
[28] S. Mirmohamadsadeghi, K. Karimi, M. Tabatabaei, and M. Aghbashlo, “Biogas production from food wastes: A review on recent developments and future perspectives,” Bioresource Technology Reports, vol. 7, p. 100202, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j. biteb.2019.100202.
[29] W. Fang, P. Zhang, G. Zhang, S. Jin, D. Li, M. Zhang, and X. Xu, “Effect of alkaline addition on anaerobic sludge digestion with combined pretreatment of alkaline and high pressure homogenization,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 168, pp. 167–172, 2014.
[30] R. Xu, Z.-H. Yang, Y. Zheng, J.-B. Liu, W.-P. Xiong, Y.-R. Zhang, Y. Lu, W.-J. Xue, and C.-Z. Fan, “Organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time shape distinct ecological networks of anaerobic digestion related microbiome,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 262, pp. 184–193, 2018.
[31] J. H. El Achkar, T. Lendormi, D. Salameh, N. Louka, R. G. Maroun, J.-L. Lanoisellé, and Z. Hobaika, “Influence of pretreatment conditions on lignocellulosic fractions and methane production from grape pomace,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 247, pp. 881–889, 2018.
[32] Z. Kong, J. Wu, C. Rong, T. Wang, L. Li, Z. Luo, J. Ji, T. Hanaoka, S. Sakemi, M. Ito, S. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, Y. Qin, and Y.-Y. Li, “Large pilot-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for the treatment of municipal wastewater and biogas production at 25°C,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 319, p. 124123, 2021, doi: 10.1016/ j.biortech.2020.124123.
[33] A. Ebrahimi, H. Hashemi, H. Eslami, R. A. Fallahzadeh, R. Khosravi, R. Askari, and E. Ghahramani, “Kinetics of biogas production and chemical oxygen demand removal from compost leachate in an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 206, pp. 707–714, 2018.
[34] I. Burman and A. Sinha, “Anaerobic hybrid membrane bioreactor for treatment of synthetic leachate: Impact of organic loading rate and sludge fractions on membrane fouling,” Waste Management, vol. 108, pp. 41–50, 2020.
[35] C. Veluchamy, B. H. Gilroyed, and A. S. Kalamdhad, “Process performance and biogas production optimizing of mesophilic plug flow anaerobic digestion of corn silage,” Fuel, vol. 253, pp. 1097– 1103, 2019.
[36] D. S. Rani and K. Nand, “Ensilage of pineapple processing waste for methane generation,” Waste Management, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 523–528, 2004.
[37] S. Begum, G. R. Anupoju, S. Sridhar, S. K. Bhargava, V. Jegatheesan, and N. Eshtiaghi, “Evaluation of single and two stage anaerobic digestion of landfill leachate: Effect of pH and initial organic loading rate on volatile fatty acid (VFA) and biogas production,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 251, pp. 364–373, 2018.
[38] Z. Zuo, S. Wu, W. Zhang, and R. Dong, “Effects of organic loading rate and effluent recirculation on the performance of two-stage anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 146, pp. 556–561, 2013.
[39] R. Lukitawesa, R. Wikandari, M. J. Taherzadeh, and C. Niklasson, “Effect of effluent recirculation on biogas production using two-stage anaerobic digestion of citrus waste,” Molecules, vol. 23, no. 12, p. 3380, 2018, doi: 10.3390/molecules23123380.