Treated Clay Mineral as Adsorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution
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Published:
Jul 13, 2021
Keywords:
Reated clay Kinetic Isotherm Thermodynamic Adsorbent Chromium Iron
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Abstract
The decontamination of heavy metals present in aquatic bodies is a significant challenge that requires urgent attention. Analytical methods such as BET, XRF, SEM-EDX, and XRD was employed to characterize the raw clay (NT) and acid treated clay (AT). The adsorption of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) onto AT was performed using the batch method. The effects of time, adsorbent dose, temperature, and pH show that the optimal conditions are 50 min, 0.3 g, 35°C, and pH 6. The surface area of AT was 389.37 m2/g, and the adsorption equilibrium time of AT was 50 min. Langmuir isotherms had the best fit. Adsorption capacity is 18.15 and 39.80 mg/g for Cr (VI) and Fe (III) ions, respectively. An increase in area considerably improved the adsorption capacity of AT in the surface specific area. The interaction of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) ions onto AT indicated spontaneous and endothermic reaction. The chromium (VI) kinetic constant (k2 = 1.679) was faster compared to Fe (III) rate constant (k2 = 0.0526). It agreed correctly with the pseudo-second-order equation. The sum square error (SSE) value obtained confirmed the best-fit equations. The percent adsorbed for Cr (VI) and Fe (III) is 74 and 90%. The results revealed that iron has a higher affinity towards AT than chromium. The study revealed that AT could be suitable and effective in the adsorption of chromium and iron in the wastewater medium.
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Dim, P. E., & Termtanun, M. (2021). Treated Clay Mineral as Adsorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 14(3), 511–524. https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2021.04.002
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References
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[8] D. Mohan and C. U. Pitman, “Activated carbons and low-cost adsorbents for remediation of tri- and hexavalent chromium from water,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 137, pp. 762–811, 2006.
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[12] M. J. Ridha, A. S. Ahmed, and N. N. Raoof, “Investigation of the thermodynamic, kinetic and equilibrium parameters of batch biosorption of Pb (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) from aqueous phase using low-cost biosorbent,” Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences, vol. 201, no. 1, pp. 298– 310, 2017.
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[15] N. Yeddou and A. Bensmaili, “Equilibrium and kinetic of iron adsorption by eggshells in a batch system: Effect of temperature,” Desalination, vol. 206, pp. 127–134, 2007.
[16] K. G. Bhattacharyya and S. S. Gupta, “Adsorption of Fe (III) from water by natural and acid activated clays: Studies on equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of interactions,” Adsorption, vol. 12, pp. 185–204, 2006.
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[20] G. E. Christidis, P. W. Scott, and A. C. Dunham, “Acid activation and bleaching capacity of bentonites from the islands of Milos and Chios, Aegean, Greece,” Applied Clay Science, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 329–347, 1997.
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[23] F. Ayari, G. Manai, S. Khelifi, and M. Trabelsi- Ayadi, “Treatment of anionic dye aqueous solution using Ti, HDTMA and Al/Fe pillard bentonite. Essay to regenerate the adsorbent,” Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, vol. 23, pp. 294–306, 2019.
[24] A. Hattab, M. Bagane, and M. Chlendi, “Characterisation of Tataouine’s raw and activated clay,” Journal of Chemical Engineering and Process Technology, vol. 4, pp. 155–165, 2013.
[25] S. Khan, Z. Dan, Y. Mengling, Y. Yang, H. Haiyan, and J. Hao, “Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of Ni and Cu by modification of Al2O3 nanoparticles with natural organic matter,” Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 158–167, 2018.
[26] F. Batool, J. Akbar, S. Iqbal, S. Noreen, and S. N. A. Bukhari, “Study of isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters for adsorption of cadmium: An overview of linear and nonlinear approach and error analysis,” Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, vol. 2018, 2018, Art. no. 3463724, doi: 10.1155/2018/3463724.
[27] K. A. Bakhtyar and H. F. Shareef, “Using natural clays and spent bleaching clay as a cheap adsorbent for the removal of phenol in aqueous media,” International Journal Basic Applied Science, vol. 13, pp. 45–49, 2013.
[28] W. Rahmalia, J. F. Fabre, T. Usman, and Z. Mouloungui, “Adsorption characteristics of bixin on acid- and alkali-treated kaolinite in aprotic solvents,” Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications,” vol. 18, pp. 385–399, 2018.
[29] G. Jozefaciuk and G. Bowanko, “Effect of acid and alkali treatments on surface areas and adsorption energies of selected minerals,” Clays and Clay Miner, vol. 50, pp. 771–783, 2002.
[30] O. M. Nweke, E. O. Igwe, and P. N. Nnabo, “Comparative evaluation of clays from abakaliki formation with commercial bentonite clays for use as drilling mud,” African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 508– 518, 2015.
[31] W. T. Tsai, H. S. Hsu, T. Y. Su, K.Y. Lin C. M. Lin, and T. H. Dai, “The adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solution onto acid-activated andersite,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 147, pp. 1056–1062, 2007.
[32] A. S. Yusuff, D. A. Olalekan, S. A. Oluwatosin, and A. M. Olutoye, “Synthesis and characterisation of anthill-egg Shell-Ni-Co mixed oxides composite catalyst for biodiesel production from waste frying oil,” Journal of Bioproduct and Bio Refining, vol. 12, pp. 37– 45, 2015.
[33] F. Cadena, R. Rizvi, and R. W. Peters, “Feasibility studies for the removal of heavy metals from solution using tailored bentonite,” in Hazardous and Industrial Wastes Twenty-second Mid- Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference, Illinois: Technomic, 1990.
[34] R. Elmoubarki, F. Z. Mahjoubi, H. Tounsadi, J. Moustadraf, M. Abdennouri, A. Zouhri, A. ElAlban, and N. Barka, “Adsorption of textile dyes on raw and decanted Moroccan clays: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics,” Water Resource Industry, vol. 9, pp. 16–29, 2015.
[35] N. A. Edama, A. Sulaiman, K. Halim, K. Hamid, M. N. M. Rodhi, M. Musa, and S. N. A. Rahim, “The effect of hydrochloric acid on the surface area, morphology and physico-chemical properties of sayong kaolinite clay,” Key Engineering Materials, vol. 59, pp. 416–424, 2014.
[36] H. E. Shuma, L. L. Mkayula, and Y. M. M. Makame, “Assessment of the effect of acid activation of kaolin from malangali on water defluoridation,” Tanzania Journal of Science, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 279–296, 2019.
[37] M. G. F. Rodrigues, “Physical and catalytic characterisation of smectites from Boa-Vista, Paraiba, Brazil,” Ceramica, vol. 49, pp. 146–150, 2003.
[38] G. K. Sarma, S. S. Gupta, and K. G. Bhattacharyya, “Adsorption of crystal violet on raw and acid-treated montmorillonite, K10, in aqueous suspension,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 171, pp. 1–10, 2016.
[39] F. A. Dawodu and K. G. Akpomie, “Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of cadmium (II) ions using aloji kaolinite mineral,” Pacific Journal of Science. Technology, vol. 15, pp. 268–276, 2014.
[40] R. Mudzielwana, W. M. Gitari, and T. A. M. Msagati, “Characterisation of smectite rich clay soils: Implication for groundwater defluoridation,” South African Journal of Science, vol. 112, pp. 1– 8, 2016.
[41] F. P. Sejie, S. N. Misael, and D. Tabbiruka, “Removal of methyl orange from water by adsorption onto modified local clay (kaolinite),” Physical Chemistry, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 39–48, 2016.
[42] E. Eren and B. Afsin, “An investigation of Cu (II) adsorption by raw and acid activated bentonite. A combined potentiometric, thermodynamic, XRD, IR, DTA study,” Journal of Hazardous Material, vol. 151, pp. 682–691, 2009.
[43] M. A. Barakat, “New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 361–377, 2011.
[44] National Environmental Standards and Regulation (NESREA), Guidelines for Drinking Water. Abuja, Nigeria: National Environmental Standards and Regulation, 2011.
[45] World Health Organizations, Guidelines for Drinking Water. 4th ed., Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organizations, 2011.
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