Treatment of Marigold Flower Processing Wastewater Using a Sequential Biological- Electrochemical Process
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Published:
Jul 13, 2021
Keywords:
Electrocoagulation Marigold flower processing wastewater Sequential Batch Reactor Wastewater treatment
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Abstract
Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy. The agro-based industries produce high volumes of highstrength wastewaters that need to be treated and reused to prevent environmental pollution and water wastage. This study evaluated the performances of a sequential biological-electrochemical process for treating an anaerobically digested effluent of a Marigold flower processing agro-industry. The uniqueness of this wastewater possess a major challenge to its treatment since not many studies have been conducted on this wastewater. The biological treatment was carried out in a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR). The treated water was further polished in a Continuous Bipolar-mode Electrochemical Reactor (ECR) to remove the residual organics. The anaerobically digested effluent Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were 5750 ± 991 mg/L, 980 ± 120 mg/L, 692 ± 60 mg/L, 9.7 ± 1.1 mg/L, and 1144 ± 166 mg/L, respectively. A significant level of treatment was achieved in the SBR. The combined system was able to remove 79% of COD, 85% of DOC, 53% of TN, and almost 100% of TP, TSS, and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS). Several organic compounds belonging to the category of natural plants compound, pesticide, fungicide, etc. were detected in the raw wastewater. Most of the compounds were almost completely removed by the treatment system. The final effluent was almost colorless and free from suspended solids. However, for reuse, the water needs to be further treated in an advanced oxidation process.
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Akula, L. K., Oruganti, R. K., Bhattacharyya, D., & Kurilla, K. K. (2021). Treatment of Marigold Flower Processing Wastewater Using a Sequential Biological- Electrochemical Process. Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 14(3), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2021.04.001
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References
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[18] W. Subramonian, T. Y. Wu, and S. Chai, “An application of response surface methodology for optimizing coagulation process of raw industrial effluent using Cassia obtusifolia seed gum together with alum,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 70, pp. 107–115, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop. 2015.02.026.
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[25] Y. J. Chan, M. F. Chong, and C. L. Law, “Biological treatment of anaerobically digested palm oil mill ef fl uent (POME) using a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR),” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 91, no. 8, pp. 17381746, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.021.
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[27] T. Popple, J. B. Williams, E. May, G. A. Mills, and R. Oliver, “Evaluation of a sequencing batch reactor sewage treatment rig for investigating the fate of radioactively labelled pharmaceuticals: Case study of propranolol,” Water Research, vol. 88, pp. 83–92, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j. watres.2015.09.033.
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[30] M. V. Jadhav and Y. S. Mahajan, “Application of response surface methodology to water/wastewater treatment using Coccinia indica,” Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 52, no. 34–3, pp. 37– 41, 2014, doi: 10.1080/19443994.2013.821043.
[31] M. Kumar, F. I. A. Ponselvan, J. R. Malviya, V. C. Srivastava, and I. D. Mall, “Treatment of bio-digester effluent by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 165, no. 1–3, pp. 345–352, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.041.
[32] T. Shojaeimehr, F. Rahimpour, and M. Ali, “A modeling study by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) on Cu 2+ adsorption optimization using light expended clay aggregate ( LECA ),” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 870–880, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j. jiec.2013.06.017.
[33] A. R. Makwana and M. M. Ahammed, “Continuous electrocoagulation process for the post-treatment of anaerobically treated municipal wastewater,” Process Safety and Environmental Protection, vol. 102, pp. 724–733, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j. psep.2016.06.005.
[34] G. Chen, “Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment,” Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 11–41, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2003.10.006.
[35] S. Garcia-Segura, M. M. S. G. Eiband, J. V. de Melo, and C. A. Martínez-Huitle, “Electrocoagulation and advanced electrocoagulation processes: A general review about the fundamentals, emerging applications and its association with other technologies,” Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 801, pp. 267–299, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.047.
[36] M. Majlesi, S. M. Mohseny, M. Sardar, S. Golmohammadi, and A. Sheikhmohammadi, “Improvement of aqueous nitrate removal by using continuous electrocoagulation/electroflotation unit with vertical monopolar electrodes,” Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 287– 290, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.serj.2016.09.002.
[37] N. R. Costa, J. Lourenço, and Z. L. Pereira, “Desirability function approach: A review and performance evaluation in adverse conditions,” Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 234–244, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j. chemolab.2011.04.004.
[38] M. A. Bezrra, R. Erthal, E. Padua, L. Silveira, and L. Am, “Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry,” Talanta, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 965–977, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.05.019.
[39] K. Gautam, S. Kamsonlian, and S. Kumar, “Removal of Reactive Red 120 dye from wastewater using electrocoagulation: optimization using multivariate approach, economic analysis, and sludge characterization,” Separation Science and Technology, vol. 55, no. 18, pp. 3412–3426, 2020, doi: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1677713.
[40] J. Coates, “Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach,” Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, pp. 1–23, 2006, doi: 10.1002/978047 0027318.a5606.
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