Synthesis of biodiesel via transesterification from waste fish oil and its application to a diesel agricultural engine

Abstract

This study addresses the growing need for sustainable energy sources by introducing a novel method for turning waste fish oil (WFO) into biodiesel. Applying sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and methanol as catalysts in the transesterification process, we achieved a conversion rate of over 96.5% in biodiesel synthesis from waste frying oil (WFO). The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) produced was thoroughly analyzed using FT-IR and 1H- NMR spectroscopy, confirming the successful conversion and molecular structure. The fuel exhibited physicochemical characteristics that meet the requirements of existing biodiesel standards (ASTM D-6751 and EN14214) and are similar to those of high-speed diesel. These features include a kinematic viscosity of 3.05 ± 0.02 cSt at 40°C, a density of 0.872 g/cm³, and an acid value of 0.07 mg KOH/g. The effective use of biodiesel in a diesel farm engine highlights its potential for practical use, as it reduces waste and promotes sustainable fuel choices in the agricultural industry.