Development of Thermal Insulators Made from Elephant Grass and Eggshell
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Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effects of eggshell powder (ESP) addition on the insulation board performance prepared from elephant grass fiber (EGF) with 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt.% of ESP. The polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (pMDI) contents were fixed at 10 wt.% as a binder. Hot pressing was employed to produce single-layered plain thermal insulation boards with a target density of 400 kg/m3. The sample panels were placed in a 450×450 mm2 mold with a thickness of 10 cm and pressed at temperatures of 120 °C for 5 min at a specific pressure of 147 bar. Density, moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, fire spread rate, and thermal conductivity were investigated according to the standards of TIS 876-2547, JIS A 5905-2003, and ASTM C208-12. The results showed that the average density of the board was 414.6 kg/m3. The moisture content was 2.86–3.54%, which satisfied the TIS 876–2547. The thickness swelling and water absorption rate decreased as the ratio of eggshells increased. The replacement of eggshell content from 20 to 30% decreased water absorption, thickness swelling, and fire spread rate by 74–81%, 23–58%, and 41–50%, respectively, in comparison with 0% eggshell. Adding more than 20% eggshell powder replacement to elephant grass fiber caused a decrease in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 30% and 24%, respectively, but met the requirements of the ASTM C208-12 standard. The thermal conductivity value of the board with 20% eggshell replacement was 0.062 W/m×K, which was in accordance with that of the glass wool board type 1 (0.063 W/m×K) according to the TIS 487-2526 standard.
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